version 9.7

* NEWS: Record release date.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.txt

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ When sending messages to coreutils@gnu.org or bug-coreutils@gnu.org :
 
 
 <!--
-Copyright (C) 2017-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2017-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.txt

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ in this matter.
 
 
 <!--
-Copyright (C) 2017-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2017-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

.gitignore

@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@
 /lib/config.h
 /lib/config.hin
 /lib/configmake.h
+/lib/crc-sliceby8.h
 /lib/ctype.h
 /lib/dirent.h
+/lib/endian.h
 /lib/errno.h
 /lib/error.h
 /lib/fcntl.h
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@
 /lib/stamp-h1
 /lib/stdarg.h
 /lib/stdbool.h
+/lib/stdbit.h
 /lib/stdckdint.h
 /lib/stddef.h
 /lib/stdint.h
@@ -207,6 +210,7 @@
 /tests/*/*.trs
 /tests/.built-programs
 /tests/factor/t[0-9][0-9].sh
+/tests/init.sh
 /tests/t?
 /tests/test-suite.log
 /tight-scope.mk

.prev-version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-9.4
+9.6

.vg-suppressions

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Suppress valgrind diagnostics we don't care about.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

HACKING

@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ and root only tests, is to follow these steps (requires lcov to be installed):
   xdg-open doc/coverage/index.html
 
 ========================================================================
-Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2009-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or

Makefile.am

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Make coreutils.					-*-Makefile-*-
 
-# Copyright (C) 1990-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1990-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -82,14 +82,12 @@ BUILT_SOURCES = .version
 
 # Have no read-only files in the tarball to allow easy removal.
 # Have .tarball-version based versions only in tarball builds.
-# Have .timestamp based dates only in tarball builds.
 # The perl substitution is to change some key uses of "rm" to "/bin/rm".
 # See the rm_subst comment for details.
 # The touch avoids a subtle, spurious "make distcheck" failure.
 dist-hook: gen-ChangeLog
 	$(AM_V_GEN)chmod -R +rw $(distdir)
 	$(AM_V_GEN)echo $(VERSION) > $(distdir)/.tarball-version
-	$(AM_V_GEN)date +%s > $(distdir)/.timestamp
 	$(AM_V_at)perl -pi -e '$(rm_subst)' $(distdir)/Makefile.in
 	$(AM_V_at)touch $(distdir)/doc/constants.texi \
 	  $(distdir)/doc/coreutils.info
@@ -135,7 +133,8 @@ check-ls-dircolors:
 	  |sed -n 's/^"\(..\)"/\1/p'|sort -u);			\
 	ls=$$(sed -n '/static.*indicator_name\[/,/};'/\p	\
 	    $(srcdir)/src/ls.c					\
-	  |sed -n '/^  *"/p'|tr , '\n'|sed 's/^  *//'		\
+	  |sed -n '/^  *{/ { s/{.\([a-z]\).,.\([a-z]\).}/"\1\2"/g; p; }' \
+	  |tr , '\n'|sed 's/^  *//'		\
 	  |sed -n 's/^"\(..\)"/\1/p'|sort -u);			\
 	test "$$dc" = "$$ls"
 
@@ -209,6 +208,7 @@ MOSTLYCLEANDIRS =
 
 AM_CPPFLAGS = -Ilib -I$(top_srcdir)/lib -Isrc -I$(top_srcdir)/src
 
+include $(top_srcdir)/gl/local.mk
 include $(top_srcdir)/lib/local.mk
 include $(top_srcdir)/src/local.mk
 include $(top_srcdir)/doc/local.mk

NEWS

@@ -1,5 +1,169 @@
 GNU coreutils NEWS                                    -*- outline -*-
 
+* Noteworthy changes in release 9.7 (2025-04-09) [stable]
+
+** Bug fixes
+
+  'cat' would fail with "input file is output file" if input and
+  output are the same terminal device and the output is append-only.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.6]
+
+  'cksum -a crc' misbehaved on aarch64 with 32-bit uint_fast32_t.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.6]
+
+  dd with the 'nocache' flag will now detect all failures to drop the
+  cache for the whole file.  Previously it may have erroneously succeeded.
+  [bug introduced with the "nocache" feature in coreutils-8.11]
+
+  'ls -Z dir' would crash on all systems, and 'ls -l' could crash
+  on systems like Android with SELinux but without xattr support.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.6]
+
+  `ls -l` could output spurious "Not supported" errors in certain cases,
+  like with dangling symlinks on cygwin.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.6]
+
+  timeout would fail to timeout commands with infinitesimal timeouts.
+  For example `timeout 1e-5000 sleep inf` would never timeout.
+  [bug introduced with timeout in coreutils-7.0]
+
+  sleep, tail, and timeout would sometimes sleep for slightly less
+  time than requested.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-5.0]
+
+  'who -m' now outputs entries for remote logins.  Previously login
+  entries prefixed with the service (like "sshd") were not matched.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.4]
+
+** Improvements
+
+  'logname' correctly returns the user who logged in the session,
+  on more systems.  Previously on musl or uclibc it would have merely
+  output the LOGNAME environment variable.
+
+
+* Noteworthy changes in release 9.6 (2025-01-17) [stable]
+
+** Bug fixes
+
+  cp fixes support for --update=none-fail, which would have been
+  rejected as an invalid option.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.5]
+
+  cp,mv --update no longer overrides --interactive or --force.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.3]
+
+  csplit no longer creates empty files given empty input.
+  [This bug was present in "the beginning".]
+
+  ls and printf fix shell quoted output in the edge case of escaped
+  first and last characters, and single quotes in the string.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-8.26]
+
+  ls -l no longer outputs "Permission denied" errors on NFS
+  which may happen with files without read permission, and which resulted
+  in inaccurate indication of ACLs (missing '+' flag after mode).
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.4]
+
+  ls -l no longer outputs "Not supported" errors on virtiofs.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.4]
+
+  mv works again with macFUSE file systems.  Previously it would
+  have exited with a "Function not implemented" error.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-8.28]
+
+  nproc gives more consistent results on systems with more than 1024 CPUs.
+  Previously it would have ignored the affinity mask on such systems.
+  [bug introduced with nproc in coreutils-8.1]
+
+  numfmt --from=iec-i now works with numbers without a suffix.
+  Previously such numbers were rejected with an error.
+  [bug introduced with numfmt in coreutils-8.21]
+
+  printf now diagnoses attempts to treat empty strings as numbers,
+  as per POSIX. For example, "printf '%d' ''" now issues a diagnostic
+  and fails instead of silently succeeding.
+  [This bug was present in "the beginning".]
+
+  pwd no longer outputs an erroneous double slash on systems
+  where the system getcwd() was completely replaced.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-9.2]
+
+  'shuf' generates more-random output when the output is small.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-8.6]
+
+  `tail --follow=name` no longer waits indefinitely for watched
+  file names that are moved elsewhere within the same file system.
+  [bug introduced in coreutils-8.24]
+
+  `tail --follow` without --retry, will consistently exit with failure status
+  where inotify is not used, when all followed files become inaccessible.
+  [This bug was present in "the beginning".]
+
+  `tail --follow --pid=PID` will now exit when the PID dies,
+  even in the presence of blocking inputs like unopened fifos.
+  [This bug was present in "the beginning".]
+
+  'tail -c 4096 /dev/zero' no longer loops forever.
+  [This bug was present in "the beginning".]
+
+** Changes in behavior
+
+  'factor' now buffers output more efficiently in some cases.
+
+  install -C now dereferences symlink sources when comparing,
+  rather than always treating as different and performing the copy.
+
+  kill -l and -t now list signal 0, as it's a valid signal to send.
+
+  ls's -f option now simply acts like -aU, instead of also ignoring
+  some earlier options.  For example 'ls -fl' and 'ls -lf' are now
+  equivalent because -f no longer ignores an earlier -l.  The new
+  behavior is more orthogonal and is compatible with FreeBSD.
+
+  stat -f -c%T now reports the "fuseblk" file system type as "fuse",
+  given that there is no longer a distinct "ctl" fuse variant file system.
+
+** New Features
+
+  cksum -a now supports the "crc32b" option, which calculates the CRC
+  of the input as defined by ITU V.42, as used by gzip for example.
+  For performance pclmul instructions are used where supported.
+
+  ls now supports the --sort=name option,
+  to explicitly select the default operation of sorting by file name.
+
+  printf now supports indexed arguments, using the POSIX:2024 specified
+  %<i>$ format, where '<i>' is an integer referencing a particular argument,
+  thus allowing repetition or reordering of printf arguments.
+
+  test supports the POSIX:2024 specified '<' and '>' operators with strings,
+  to compare the string locale collating order.
+
+  timeout now supports the POSIX:2024 specified -f, and -p short options,
+  corresponding to --foreground, and --preserve-status respectively.
+
+** Improvements
+
+  cksum -a crc, makes use of AVX2, AVX512, and ARMv8 SIMD extensions
+  for time reductions of up to 40%, 60%, and 80% respectively.
+
+  'head -c NUM', 'head -n NUM', 'nl -l NUM', 'nproc --ignore NUM',
+  'tail -c NUM', 'tail -n NUM', and 'tail --max-unchanged-stats NUM’
+  no longer fail merely because NUM stands for 2**64 or more.
+
+  sort operates more efficiently when used on pseudo files with
+  an apparent size of 0, like those in /proc.
+
+  stat and tail now know about the "bcachefs", and "pidfs" file system types.
+  stat -f -c%T now reports the file system type,
+  and tail -f uses inotify for these file systems.
+
+  wc now reads a minimum of 256KiB at a time.
+  This was previously 16KiB and increasing to 256KiB was seen to increase
+  wc -l performance by about 10% when reading cached files on modern systems.
+
+
 * Noteworthy changes in release 9.5 (2024-03-28) [stable]
 
 ** Bug fixes
@@ -944,7 +1108,7 @@ GNU coreutils NEWS                                    -*- outline -*-
   env now supports '--list-signal-handling' to indicate non-default
   signal handling before executing a program.
 
-** New commands
+** New programs
 
   basenc is added to complement existing base64,base32 commands,
   and encodes and decodes printable text using various common encodings:
@@ -1464,7 +1628,7 @@ GNU coreutils NEWS                                    -*- outline -*-
   tail -F now works with initially non existent files on a remote file system.
   [bug introduced in coreutils-7.5]
 
-** New commands
+** New programs
 
   base32 is added to complement the existing base64 command,
   and encodes and decodes printable text as per RFC 4648.
@@ -5896,7 +6060,7 @@ packages, see ./old/*/NEWS.
 
 ========================================================================
 
-Copyright (C) 2001-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2001-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or

README

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Please see the file COPYING for copying conditions.
 
 ========================================================================
 
-Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or

README-hacking

@@ -45,16 +45,17 @@ time and file system space requirements:
 
         $ export GNULIB_SRCDIR=/path/to/gnulib
 
-The next step is to get and check other files needed to build,
-which are extracted from other source packages:
+The next steps are to get and check other files needed to build,
+and complete the build:
+
+        $ make -f cfg.mk
+
+For reference the above command runs the following steps,
+which can be done individually if required to give more control:
 
         $ ./bootstrap
-
-And there you are!  Just
-
         $ ./configure --quiet #[--disable-gcc-warnings] [*]
-        $ make
-        $ make check
+        $ make #[check]
 
 At this point, there should be no difference between your local copy,
 and the Git master copy:
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ each program.  One way to do this is to use vc-dwim
 
 -----
 
-Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

README-valgrind

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #! /bin/bash
 # Convert this package for use with valgrind.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

THANKS.in

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ Dameon G. Rogers                    dgr03@uark.edu
 Dan Hagerty                         hag@gnu.ai.it.edu
 Dan Pascu                           dan@services.iiruc.ro
 Daniel Bergstrom                    noa@melody.se
+Daniel Carpenter                    dansebpub@gmail.com
 Daniel Mach                         dmach@redhat.com
 Daniel P. Berrangé                  berrange@redhat.com
 Daniel Stavrovski                   d@stavrovski.net

TODO

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ pr's use of nstrftime can make it malloc a very large (up to SIZE_MAX) buffer
 
 -----
 
-Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

bootstrap

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 # Bootstrap this package from checked-out sources.
 
-scriptversion=2023-12-10.18; # UTC
+scriptversion=2024-07-04.10; # UTC
 
-# Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ medir=`dirname "$me"`
 
 # A library of shell functions for autopull.sh, autogen.sh, and bootstrap.
 
-scriptlibversion=2023-12-10.18; # UTC
+scriptlibversion=2024-11-12.21; # UTC
 
-# Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -478,10 +478,9 @@ find_tool ()
 # --------------------- Preparing GNULIB_SRCDIR for use. ---------------------
 # This is part of autopull.sh, but bootstrap needs it too, for self-upgrading.
 
+# cleanup_gnulib fails, removing the directory $gnulib_path first.
 cleanup_gnulib() {
   status=$?
-  # XXX It's a bad idea to erase the submodule directory if it contains local
-  #     modifications.
   rm -fr "$gnulib_path"
   exit $status
 }
@@ -499,93 +498,141 @@ prepare_GNULIB_SRCDIR ()
     test -f "$GNULIB_SRCDIR/gnulib-tool" \
       || die "Error: --gnulib-srcdir or \$GNULIB_SRCDIR is specified," \
              "but does not contain gnulib-tool"
-  elif $use_git; then
+    if test -n "$GNULIB_REVISION" && $use_git; then
+      # The 'git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"' command succeeds if the
+      # GNULIB_REVISION is a commit hash that exists locally, or if it is
+      # branch name that can be fetched from origin. It fails, however,
+      # if the GNULIB_REVISION is a commit hash that only exists in
+      # origin. In this case, we need a 'git fetch' and then retry
+      # 'git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"'.
+      git -C "$GNULIB_SRCDIR" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION" 2>/dev/null \
+      || { git -C "$GNULIB_SRCDIR" fetch origin \
+           && git -C "$GNULIB_SRCDIR" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"; } \
+      || exit $?
+    fi
+  else
+    if ! $use_git; then
+      die "Error: --no-git is specified," \
+          "but neither --gnulib-srcdir nor \$GNULIB_SRCDIR is specified"
+    fi
+    if git submodule -h | grep -- --reference > /dev/null; then
+      :
+    else
+      die "git version is too old, git >= 1.6.4 is required"
+    fi
     gnulib_path=$(git_modules_config submodule.gnulib.path)
-    test -z "$gnulib_path" && gnulib_path=gnulib
-
-    # Get gnulib files.  Populate $gnulib_path, possibly updating a
-    # submodule, for use in the rest of the script.
-
-    if test -n "$GNULIB_REFDIR" && test -d "$GNULIB_REFDIR"/.git \
-       && git_modules_config submodule.gnulib.url >/dev/null; then
-      # Use GNULIB_REFDIR as a reference.
-      echo "$0: getting gnulib files..."
-      if git submodule -h|grep -- --reference > /dev/null; then
-        # Prefer the one-liner available in git 1.6.4 or newer.
-        git submodule update --init --reference "$GNULIB_REFDIR" \
-          "$gnulib_path" || exit $?
+    if test -n "$gnulib_path"; then
+      # A submodule 'gnulib' is configured.
+      # Get gnulib files.  Populate $gnulib_path, updating the submodule.
+      if test -n "$GNULIB_REFDIR" && test -d "$GNULIB_REFDIR"/.git; then
+        # Use GNULIB_REFDIR as a reference.
+        echo "$0: getting gnulib files..."
+        git submodule update --init --reference "$GNULIB_REFDIR" "$gnulib_path"\
+          || exit $?
       else
-        # This fallback allows at least git 1.5.5.
-        if test -f "$gnulib_path"/gnulib-tool; then
-          # Since file already exists, assume submodule init already complete.
+        # GNULIB_REFDIR is not set or not usable. Ignore it.
+        if git_modules_config submodule.gnulib.url >/dev/null; then
+          echo "$0: getting gnulib files..."
+          git submodule init -- "$gnulib_path" || exit $?
           git submodule update -- "$gnulib_path" || exit $?
         else
-          # Older git can't clone into an empty directory.
-          rmdir "$gnulib_path" 2>/dev/null
-          git clone --reference "$GNULIB_REFDIR" \
-            "$(git_modules_config submodule.gnulib.url)" "$gnulib_path" \
-            && git submodule init -- "$gnulib_path" \
-            && git submodule update -- "$gnulib_path" \
-            || exit $?
+          die "Error: submodule 'gnulib' has no configured url"
         fi
       fi
     else
-      # GNULIB_REFDIR is not set or not usable. Ignore it.
-      if git_modules_config submodule.gnulib.url >/dev/null; then
+      gnulib_path='gnulib'
+      if test ! -d "$gnulib_path"; then
+        # The subdirectory 'gnulib' does not yet exist. Clone into it.
         echo "$0: getting gnulib files..."
-        git submodule init -- "$gnulib_path" || exit $?
-        git submodule update -- "$gnulib_path" || exit $?
-
-      elif [ ! -d "$gnulib_path" ]; then
-        echo "$0: getting gnulib files..."
-
         trap cleanup_gnulib HUP INT PIPE TERM
-
-        shallow=
-        if test -z "$GNULIB_REVISION"; then
-          if git clone -h 2>&1 | grep -- --depth > /dev/null; then
-            shallow='--depth 2'
-          fi
-          git clone $shallow ${GNULIB_URL:-$default_gnulib_url} "$gnulib_path" \
-            || cleanup_gnulib
+        gnulib_url=${GNULIB_URL:-$default_gnulib_url}
+        if test -n "$GNULIB_REFDIR" && test -d "$GNULIB_REFDIR"/.git; then
+          # Use GNULIB_REFDIR as a reference.
+          git clone "$GNULIB_REFDIR" "$gnulib_path" \
+          && git -C "$gnulib_path" remote set-url origin "$gnulib_url" \
+          && if test -z "$GNULIB_REVISION"; then
+               git -C "$gnulib_path" pull origin \
+               && {
+                 # We want the default branch of "$gnulib_url" (since that's
+                 # the behaviour if GNULIB_REFDIR is not specified), not the
+                 # current branch of "$GNULIB_REFDIR".
+                 default_branch=`LC_ALL=C git -C "$gnulib_path" \
+                                              remote show origin \
+                                 | sed -n -e 's/^ *HEAD branch: //p'`
+                 test -n "$default_branch" || default_branch='master'
+                 git -C "$gnulib_path" checkout "$default_branch"
+               }
+             else
+               # The 'git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"' command succeeds if the
+               # GNULIB_REVISION is a commit hash that exists locally, or if it
+               # is a branch name that can be fetched from origin. It fails,
+               # however, if the GNULIB_REVISION is a commit hash that only
+               # exists in origin. In this case, we need a 'git fetch' and then
+               # retry 'git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"'.
+               git -C "$gnulib_path" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION" 2>/dev/null \
+               || { git -C "$gnulib_path" fetch origin \
+                    && git -C "$gnulib_path" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"; }
+             fi \
+          || cleanup_gnulib
         else
-          if git fetch -h 2>&1 | grep -- --depth > /dev/null; then
-            shallow='--depth 2'
+          # GNULIB_REFDIR is not set or not usable. Ignore it.
+          shallow=
+          if test -z "$GNULIB_REVISION"; then
+            if git clone -h 2>&1 | grep -- --depth > /dev/null; then
+              shallow='--depth 2'
+            fi
+            git clone $shallow "$gnulib_url" "$gnulib_path" \
+              || cleanup_gnulib
+          else
+            if git fetch -h 2>&1 | grep -- --depth > /dev/null; then
+              shallow='--depth 2'
+            fi
+            mkdir -p "$gnulib_path"
+            # Only want a shallow checkout of $GNULIB_REVISION, but git does not
+            # support cloning by commit hash. So attempt a shallow fetch by
+            # commit hash to minimize the amount of data downloaded and changes
+            # needed to be processed, which can drastically reduce download and
+            # processing time for checkout. If the fetch by commit fails, a
+            # shallow fetch cannot be performed because we do not know what the
+            # depth of the commit is without fetching all commits. So fall back
+            # to fetching all commits.
+            git -C "$gnulib_path" init
+            git -C "$gnulib_path" remote add origin "$gnulib_url"
+            git -C "$gnulib_path" fetch $shallow origin "$GNULIB_REVISION" \
+              || git -C "$gnulib_path" fetch origin \
+              || cleanup_gnulib
+            git -C "$gnulib_path" reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
+            git -C "$gnulib_path" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION" || cleanup_gnulib
           fi
-          mkdir -p "$gnulib_path"
-          # Only want a shallow checkout of $GNULIB_REVISION, but git does not
-          # support cloning by commit hash. So attempt a shallow fetch by commit
-          # hash to minimize the amount of data downloaded and changes needed to
-          # be processed, which can drastically reduce download and processing
-          # time for checkout. If the fetch by commit fails, a shallow fetch can
-          # not be performed because we do not know what the depth of the commit
-          # is without fetching all commits. So fall back to fetching all
-          # commits.
-          git -C "$gnulib_path" init
-          git -C "$gnulib_path" remote add origin \
-              ${GNULIB_URL:-$default_gnulib_url}
-          git -C "$gnulib_path" fetch $shallow origin "$GNULIB_REVISION" \
-            || git -C "$gnulib_path" fetch origin \
-            || cleanup_gnulib
-          git -C "$gnulib_path" reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
         fi
-
         trap - HUP INT PIPE TERM
+      else
+        # The subdirectory 'gnulib' already exists.
+        if test -n "$GNULIB_REVISION"; then
+          if test -d "$gnulib_path/.git"; then
+            # The 'git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"' command succeeds if the
+            # GNULIB_REVISION is a commit hash that exists locally, or if it
+            # is a branch name that can be fetched from origin. It fails,
+            # however, if the GNULIB_REVISION is a commit hash that only
+            # exists in origin. In this case, we need a 'git fetch' and then
+            # retry 'git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"'.
+            git -C "$gnulib_path" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION" 2>/dev/null \
+            || { git -C "$gnulib_path" fetch origin \
+                 && git -C "$gnulib_path" checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION"; } \
+            || exit $?
+          else
+            die "Error: GNULIB_REVISION is specified in bootstrap.conf," \
+                "but '$gnulib_path' contains no git history"
+          fi
+        fi
       fi
     fi
-    GNULIB_SRCDIR=$gnulib_path
-    # Verify that the submodule contains a gnulib checkout.
+    # Verify that $gnulib_path contains a gnulib checkout.
     test -f "$gnulib_path/gnulib-tool" \
-      || die "Error: $gnulib_path is supposed to contain a gnulib checkout," \
+      || die "Error: '$gnulib_path' is supposed to contain a gnulib checkout," \
              "but does not contain gnulib-tool"
+    GNULIB_SRCDIR=$gnulib_path
   fi
-
-  # XXX Should this be done if $use_git is false?
-  if test -d "$GNULIB_SRCDIR"/.git && test -n "$GNULIB_REVISION" \
-     && ! git_modules_config submodule.gnulib.url >/dev/null; then
-    (cd "$GNULIB_SRCDIR" && git checkout "$GNULIB_REVISION") || cleanup_gnulib
-  fi
-
   # $GNULIB_SRCDIR now points to the version of gnulib to use, and
   # we no longer need to use git or $gnulib_path below here.
 }
@@ -647,7 +694,8 @@ fi
 autopull_usage() {
   cat <<EOF
 Usage: $me [OPTION]...
-Bootstrap this package from the checked-out sources.
+Bootstrap this package from the checked-out sources, phase 1:
+Pull files from the network.
 
 Optional environment variables:
   GNULIB_SRCDIR            Specifies the local directory where gnulib
@@ -664,18 +712,19 @@ Optional environment variables:
                            which is Gnulib's upstream repository.
 
 Options:
-  --bootstrap-sync         if this bootstrap script is not identical to
+
+  --bootstrap-sync         If this bootstrap script is not identical to
                            the version in the local gnulib sources,
                            update this script, and then restart it with
-                           /bin/sh or the shell \$CONFIG_SHELL
-  --no-bootstrap-sync      do not check whether bootstrap is out of sync
-  --force                  attempt to bootstrap even if the sources seem
-                           not to have been checked out
-  --no-git                 do not use git to update gnulib.  Requires that
-                           \$GNULIB_SRCDIR or the --gnulib-srcdir option
-                           points to a gnulib repository with the correct
-                           revision
-  --skip-po                do not download po files
+                           /bin/sh or the shell \$CONFIG_SHELL.
+  --no-bootstrap-sync      Do not check whether bootstrap is out of sync.
+
+  --force                  Attempt to bootstrap even if the sources seem
+                           not to have been checked out.
+  --no-git                 Do not use git to update gnulib.  Requires that
+                           \$GNULIB_SRCDIR points to a gnulib repository
+                           with the correct revision.
+  --skip-po                Do not download *.po files.
 EOF
   bootstrap_print_option_usage_hook
   cat <<EOF
@@ -687,21 +736,21 @@ are honored.
 
 Gnulib sources can be fetched in various ways:
 
- * If the environment variable GNULIB_SRCDIR is set (either as an
-   environment variable or via the --gnulib-srcdir option), then sources
-   are fetched from that local directory.  If it is a git repository and
-   the configuration variable GNULIB_REVISION is set in bootstrap.conf,
-   then that revision is checked out.
+ * If the environment variable GNULIB_SRCDIR is set, then sources are
+   fetched from that local directory.  If it is a git repository and the
+   configuration variable GNULIB_REVISION is set in bootstrap.conf, then
+   that revision is checked out.
 
  * Otherwise, if this package is in a git repository with a 'gnulib'
    submodule configured, then that submodule is initialized and updated
-   and sources are fetched from there.  If GNULIB_REFDIR is set (either
-   as an environment variable or via the --gnulib-refdir option) and is
-   a git repository, then it is used as a reference.
+   and sources are fetched from there.  If the environment variable
+   GNULIB_REFDIR is set and is a git repository, then it is used as a
+   reference.
 
  * Otherwise, if the 'gnulib' directory does not exist, Gnulib sources
    are cloned into that directory using git from \$GNULIB_URL, defaulting
-   to $default_gnulib_url.
+   to $default_gnulib_url; if GNULIB_REFDIR is set and is a git repository
+   its contents may be used to accelerate the process.
    If the configuration variable GNULIB_REVISION is set in bootstrap.conf,
    then that revision is checked out.
 
@@ -869,9 +918,7 @@ update_po_files() {
     && ls "$ref_po_dir"/*.po 2>/dev/null |
       sed 's|.*/||; s|\.po$||' > "$po_dir/LINGUAS" || return
 
-  langs=$(cd $ref_po_dir && echo *.po | sed 's/\.po//g')
-  test "$langs" = '*' && langs=x
-  for po in $langs; do
+  for po in x $(ls $ref_po_dir | sed -n 's/\.po$//p'); do
     case $po in x) continue;; esac
     new_po="$ref_po_dir/$po.po"
     cksum_file="$ref_po_dir/$po.s1"
@@ -890,7 +937,8 @@ update_po_files() {
 autogen_usage() {
   cat <<EOF
 Usage: $me [OPTION]...
-Bootstrap this package from the checked-out sources.
+Bootstrap this package from the checked-out sources, phase 2:
+Generate files from local files (no network access).
 
 Optional environment variables:
   GNULIB_SRCDIR            Specifies the local directory where gnulib
@@ -899,9 +947,9 @@ Optional environment variables:
                            you want to use these sources.
 
 Options:
-  --copy                   copy files instead of creating symbolic links
-  --force                  attempt to bootstrap even if the sources seem
-                           not to have been checked out
+  --copy                   Copy files instead of creating symbolic links.
+  --force                  Attempt to bootstrap even if the sources seem
+                           not to have been checked out.
 EOF
   bootstrap_print_option_usage_hook
   cat <<EOF
@@ -1234,6 +1282,20 @@ autogen()
     $gnulib_tool $gnulib_tool_options --import $gnulib_modules \
       || die "gnulib-tool failed"
 
+    if test $with_gettext = yes && test ! -f $m4_base/gettext.m4; then
+      # The gnulib-tool invocation has removed $m4_base/gettext.m4, that the
+      # AUTOPOINT invocation had installed. This can occur when the gnulib
+      # module 'gettext' was previously present but is now not present any more.
+      # Repeat the AUTOPOINT invocation and the gnulib-tool invocation.
+
+      echo "$0: $AUTOPOINT --force"
+      $AUTOPOINT --force || return
+
+      echo "$0: $gnulib_tool $gnulib_tool_options --import ..."
+      $gnulib_tool $gnulib_tool_options --import $gnulib_modules \
+        || die "gnulib-tool failed"
+    fi
+
     for file in $gnulib_files; do
       symlink_to_dir "$GNULIB_SRCDIR" $file \
         || die "failed to symlink $file"
@@ -1319,7 +1381,7 @@ autogen()
       || die 'cannot generate runtime-po/Makevars'
 
       # Copy identical files from po to runtime-po.
-      (cd po && cp -p Makefile.in.in *-quot *.header *.sed *.sin ../runtime-po)
+      cp -p po/Makefile.in.in po/*-quot po/*.header po/*.sed po/*.sin runtime-po
     fi
   fi
 
@@ -1331,7 +1393,7 @@ autogen()
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Local Variables:
-# eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp)
+# eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp nil t)
 # time-stamp-start: "scriptlibversion="
 # time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
 # time-stamp-time-zone: "UTC0"
@@ -1347,44 +1409,55 @@ Optional environment variables:
   GNULIB_SRCDIR            Specifies the local directory where gnulib
                            sources reside.  Use this if you already
                            have gnulib sources on your machine, and
-                           do not want to waste your bandwidth downloading
-                           them again.
-  GNULIB_URL               URL of the gnulib repository.  The default is
-                           $default_gnulib_url,
-                           which is Gnulib's upstream repository.
-
-Options:
-
-  --pull                   Do phase 1: pull files from network
-  --gen                    Do phase 2: generate from local files.
-                           (The default is to do both phases.)
-
-  --gnulib-srcdir=DIRNAME  specify the local directory where gnulib
-                           sources reside.  Use this if you already
-                           have gnulib sources on your machine, and
-                           you want to use these sources.  Defaults
-                           to \$GNULIB_SRCDIR
-  --gnulib-refdir=DIRNAME  specify the local directory where a gnulib
+                           you want to use these sources.
+  GNULIB_REFDIR            Specifies the local directory where a gnulib
                            repository (with a .git subdirectory) resides.
                            Use this if you already have gnulib sources
                            and history on your machine, and do not want
                            to waste your bandwidth downloading them again.
-                           Defaults to \$GNULIB_REFDIR
+                           Only used for phase 1 (--pull).
+  GNULIB_URL               URL of the gnulib repository.  The default is
+                           $default_gnulib_url,
+                           which is Gnulib's upstream repository.
+                           Only used for phase 1 (--pull).
 
-  --bootstrap-sync         if this bootstrap script is not identical to
+Options:
+
+  --pull                   Do phase 1: Pull files from the network.
+  --gen                    Do phase 2: Generate files from local files
+                           (no network access).
+                           (The default is to do both phases.)
+
+  --gnulib-srcdir=DIRNAME  Specifies the local directory where gnulib
+                           sources reside.  Use this if you already
+                           have gnulib sources on your machine, and
+                           you want to use these sources.  Defaults
+                           to \$GNULIB_SRCDIR.
+  --gnulib-refdir=DIRNAME  Specifies the local directory where a gnulib
+                           repository (with a .git subdirectory) resides.
+                           Use this if you already have gnulib sources
+                           and history on your machine, and do not want
+                           to waste your bandwidth downloading them again.
+                           Defaults to \$GNULIB_REFDIR.
+                           Only used for phase 1 (--pull).
+
+  --bootstrap-sync         If this bootstrap script is not identical to
                            the version in the local gnulib sources,
                            update this script, and then restart it with
-                           /bin/sh or the shell \$CONFIG_SHELL
-  --no-bootstrap-sync      do not check whether bootstrap is out of sync
+                           /bin/sh or the shell \$CONFIG_SHELL.
+  --no-bootstrap-sync      Do not check whether bootstrap is out of sync.
 
-  --copy                   copy files instead of creating symbolic links
-  --force                  attempt to bootstrap even if the sources seem
-                           not to have been checked out
-  --no-git                 do not use git to update gnulib.  Requires that
+  --copy                   Copy files instead of creating symbolic links.
+                           Only used for phase 2 (--gen).
+  --force                  Attempt to bootstrap even if the sources seem
+                           not to have been checked out.
+  --no-git                 Do not use git to update gnulib.  Requires that
                            \$GNULIB_SRCDIR or the --gnulib-srcdir option
                            points to a gnulib repository with the correct
-                           revision
-  --skip-po                do not download po files
+                           revision.
+                           Only used for phase 1 (--pull).
+  --skip-po                Do not download *.po files.
+                           Only used for phase 1 (--pull).
 EOF
   bootstrap_print_option_usage_hook
   cat <<EOF
@@ -1396,11 +1469,11 @@ are honored.
 
 Gnulib sources can be fetched in various ways:
 
- * If the environment variable GNULIB_SRCDIR is set (either as an
-   environment variable or via the --gnulib-srcdir option), then sources
-   are fetched from that local directory.  If it is a git repository and
-   the configuration variable GNULIB_REVISION is set in bootstrap.conf,
-   then that revision is checked out.
+ * If GNULIB_SRCDIR is set (either as an environment variable or via the
+   --gnulib-srcdir option), then sources are fetched from that local
+   directory.  If it is a git repository and the configuration variable
+   GNULIB_REVISION is set in bootstrap.conf, then that revision is
+   checked out.
 
  * Otherwise, if this package is in a git repository with a 'gnulib'
    submodule configured, then that submodule is initialized and updated
@@ -1410,7 +1483,8 @@ Gnulib sources can be fetched in various ways:
 
  * Otherwise, if the 'gnulib' directory does not exist, Gnulib sources
    are cloned into that directory using git from \$GNULIB_URL, defaulting
-   to $default_gnulib_url.
+   to $default_gnulib_url; if GNULIB_REFDIR is set and is a git repository
+   its contents may be used to accelerate the process.
    If the configuration variable GNULIB_REVISION is set in bootstrap.conf,
    then that revision is checked out.
 
@@ -1521,16 +1595,16 @@ if $pull && { $use_git || test -z "$SKIP_PO"; }; then
 fi
 
 if $gen; then
- autogen \
-    `if $copy; then echo ' --copy'; fi` \
-    `if test -z "$checkout_only_file"; then echo ' --force'; fi` \
-  || die "could not generate auxiliary files"
+  autogen \
+      `if $copy; then echo ' --copy'; fi` \
+      `if test -z "$checkout_only_file"; then echo ' --force'; fi` \
+    || die "could not generate auxiliary files"
 fi
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Local Variables:
-# eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp)
+# eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp nil t)
 # time-stamp-start: "scriptversion="
 # time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
 # time-stamp-time-zone: "UTC0"

bootstrap.conf

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Bootstrap configuration.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ avoided_gnulib_modules='
 gnulib_modules="
   $avoided_gnulib_modules
   acl
+  acl-permissions
   alignalloc
   alignasof
   alloca
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ gnulib_modules="
   backupfile
   base32
   base64
+  bool
   btoc32
   buffer-lcm
-  byteswap
   c-strcase
   c32iscntrl
   c32isspace
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ gnulib_modules="
   config-h
   configmake
   copy-file-range
-  count-leading-zeros
+  crc-x86_64
   crypto/md5
   crypto/sha1
   crypto/sha256
@@ -77,8 +78,10 @@ gnulib_modules="
   dirfd
   dirname
   do-release-commit-and-tag
+  dtimespec-bound
   dtoastr
   dup2
+  endian
   environ
   error
   euidaccess
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ gnulib_modules="
   idx
   ignore-value
   inttostr
-  inttypes
+  inttypes-h
   isapipe
   isatty
   isblank
@@ -213,7 +216,7 @@ gnulib_modules="
   pthread-mutex
   pthread-thread
   pthread_sigmask
-  putenv
+  putenv-gnu
   quote
   quotearg
   randint
@@ -246,10 +249,12 @@ gnulib_modules="
   stat-macros
   stat-size
   stat-time
-  stdbool
-  stdckdint
+  stdc_leading_zeros
+  stdc_trailing_zeros
+  stdckdint-h
   stdlib-safer
   stpcpy
+  str_endswith
   strdup-posix
   strnlen
   strnumcmp
@@ -257,13 +262,14 @@ gnulib_modules="
   strtoimax
   strtoumax
   symlinkat
-  sys_ioctl
-  sys_resource
-  sys_stat
-  sys_wait
+  sys_ioctl-h
+  sys_resource-h
+  sys_stat-h
+  sys_types-h
+  sys_wait-h
   targetdir
   tempname
-  termios
+  termios-h
   time_rz
   timer-time
   timespec
@@ -309,6 +315,7 @@ gnulib_modules="
   xstrtol-error
   xstrtold
   xstrtoumax
+  xvasprintf
   year2038-recommended
   yesno
 "
@@ -384,6 +391,9 @@ bootstrap_post_import_hook ()
     && build-aux/gen-single-binary.sh src/local.mk >$tmp \
     && chmod a-w $tmp \
     && mv -f $tmp $mkf)
+
+  # Copy tests/init.sh from Gnulib.
+  $gnulib_tool --copy-file tests/init.sh
 }
 
 

cfg.mk

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Customize maint.mk                           -*- makefile -*-
-# Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export VERBOSE = yes
 # 4914152 9e
 export XZ_OPT = -8e
 
-old_NEWS_hash = d66ee7a9fdb974017a4a17cf358d047d
+old_NEWS_hash = be5016485c56f34b60ba4e6d3b407489
 
 # Add an exemption for sc_makefile_at_at_check.
 _makefile_at_at_check_exceptions = \
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ _makefile_at_at_check_exceptions = \
 # Our help-version script is in a slightly different location.
 _hv_file ?= $(srcdir)/tests/misc/help-version
 
+world:
+	./bootstrap && \
+	./configure --quiet && \
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) -j $$(nproc 2>/dev/null || echo 1)
+
 # Ensure that the list of O_ symbols used to compute O_FULLBLOCK is complete.
 dd = $(srcdir)/src/dd.c
 sc_dd_O_FLAGS:
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ sc_tests_list_consistency:
 	  cd $(top_srcdir);						\
 	  $(SHELL) build-aux/vc-list-files tests			\
 	    | grep -Ev '^tests/(factor/(run|create-test)|init)\.sh$$'	\
-	    | grep -E "$$test_extensions_rx\$$";			\
+	    | grep -E "($$test_extensions_rx)$$";			\
 	} | sort | uniq -u | grep . && exit 1; :
 
 # Ensure that all version-controlled test scripts are executable.
@@ -493,6 +498,12 @@ sc_prohibit_NULL:
 	halt='use nullptr instead'					\
 	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
 
+sc_prohibit_bare_set:
+	@prohibit='^ *set [`$$]'					\
+	in_vc_files='\.sh$$'						\
+	halt='use set -- $$args instead of set $$args'			\
+	  $(_sc_search_regexp)
+
 # Don't use "indent-tabs-mode: nil" anymore.  No longer needed.
 sc_prohibit_emacs__indent_tabs_mode__setting:
 	@prohibit='^( *[*#] *)?indent-tabs-mode:'			\
@@ -814,6 +825,21 @@ sc_gitignore_missing:
 #	    sort | uniq -d | grep . && { echo '$(ME): Remove above'	\
 #	      'entries from .gitignore' >&2; exit 1; } || :
 
+# Ensure gl/ files are distributed
+sc_gldist_missing:
+	@cd $(srcdir);							\
+	grep '^gl/' gl/local.mk > $@.a;					\
+	find gl '(' -name Makefile.am ')' -prune -o -type f		\
+		'!' '(' -name '*.orig' -or -name '*~' -or		\
+		        -name 'ChangeLog.*' ')' -printf '%p\n' |	\
+	LC_ALL=C sort | tr '\012' @ | sed 's/@$$/%/;s/@/ \\@/g' |	\
+	tr @% '\012\012' > $@.e;					\
+	diff -u $@.a $@.e; diff=$$?;					\
+	rm -f $@.a $@.e;						\
+	test "$$diff" = 0						\
+	  || { echo '$(ME): Inconsistent EXTRA_DIST in gl/local.mk'>&2;	\
+	       exit 1; }
+
 sc_prohibit-form-feed:
 	@prohibit=$$'\f' \
 	in_vc_files='\.[chly]$$' \
@@ -900,7 +926,7 @@ exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_prohibit-gl-attributes = ^src/libstdbuf\.c$$
 exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_prohibit_uppercase_id_est = \.diff$$
 exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_ensure_dblspace_after_dot_before_id_est = \.diff$$
 exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_ensure_comma_after_id_est = \.diff|$(_ll)$$
-exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_long_lines = \.diff$$|$(_ll)|$(_cksum)
+exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_long_lines = \.diff$$|$(_ll)|$(_cksum)|bootstrap
 
 # `grep . -q` is not exactly equivalent to `grep . >/dev/null`
 # and this difference is significant in the NEWS description
@@ -923,13 +949,15 @@ _gl_TS_unmarked_extern_functions = main usage
 _gl_TS_unmarked_extern_functions += single_binary_main_.* _usage_.*
 # Headers to search for single line extern _data_ declarations.
 _gl_TS_other_headers = $(srcdir)/src/*.h src/*.h
-# Tell the tight_scope rule about an exceptional "extern" variable.
-# Normally, the rule would detect its declaration, but that uses a
-# different name, __clz_tab.
-_gl_TS_unmarked_extern_vars = factor_clz_tab
 # Avoid tight_scope rule stating these should be static
 # as there is no way to achieve that with the way these are defined.
-_gl_TS_unmarked_extern_vars += ptr_MD5_.*
+_gl_TS_unmarked_extern_vars = ptr_MD5_.*
 # Other tight_scope settings
 _gl_TS_dir = .
 _gl_TS_obj_files = src/*.$(OBJEXT)
+# Settings for running codespell.
+csiwl_1 = debbugs,clen,te,bu,shs,linke,fo,souch,inout,outin
+csiwl_2 = kno,ois,afile,whats,hda,indx,ot,nam
+codespell_ignore_words_list = $(csiwl_1),$(csiwl_2)
+exclude_file_name_regexp--sc_codespell = \
+  ^(THANKS\.in|tests/pr/.*(F|tn?|l(o|m|i)|bl))$$

configure.ac

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # -*- autoconf -*-
 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 
-# Copyright (C) 1991-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1991-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ if test $gl_gcc_warnings != no; then
   nw="$nw -Wtraditional"            # Warns on #elif which we use often
   nw="$nw -Wcast-qual"              # Too many warnings for now
   nw="$nw -Wconversion"             # Too many warnings for now
-  nw="$nw -Wsystem-headers"         # Don't let system headers trigger warnings
   nw="$nw -Wsign-conversion"        # Too many warnings for now
   nw="$nw -Wtraditional-conversion" # Too many warnings for now
   nw="$nw -Wunreachable-code"       # Too many warnings for now
@@ -206,8 +205,6 @@ if test $gl_gcc_warnings != no; then
   nw="$nw -Wredundant-decls"        # openat.h declares e.g., mkdirat
   nw="$nw -Wformat-nonliteral"      # who.c and pinky.c strftime uses
   nw="$nw -Wnested-externs"         # use of XARGMATCH/verify_function__
-  nw="$nw -Wswitch-enum"            # Too many warnings for now
-  nw="$nw -Wswitch-default"         # Too many warnings for now
   nw="$nw -Wstack-protector"        # not worth working around
   nw="$nw -Wformat-overflow=2"      # False alarms due to GCC bug 110333
   nw="$nw -Wformat-truncation=2"    # False alarm in ls.c, probably related
@@ -231,6 +228,7 @@ if test $gl_gcc_warnings != no; then
   # Code like that still infloops with gcc-4.6.0 and -O2.  Scary indeed.
 
   gl_MANYWARN_ALL_GCC([ws])
+  AS_VAR_APPEND([ws], [' -Wswitch-enum'])
   gl_MANYWARN_COMPLEMENT([ws], [$ws], [$nw])
   for w in $ws; do
     gl_WARN_ADD([$w])
@@ -259,6 +257,7 @@ if test $gl_gcc_warnings != no; then
   nw=$ew
   nw="$nw -Wduplicated-branches"    # Too many false alarms
   nw="$nw -Wformat-truncation=2"
+  nw="$nw -Wmissing-variable-declarations"
   nw="$nw -Wstrict-overflow"
   nw="$nw -Wuninitialized"
   nw="$nw -Wunused-macros"
@@ -283,6 +282,7 @@ if test $gl_gcc_warnings != no; then
   nw=
   nw="$nw -Wstrict-prototypes"
   # It's not worth being this picky about test programs.
+  nw="$nw -Wsuggest-attribute=cold"
   nw="$nw -Wsuggest-attribute=const"
   nw="$nw -Wsuggest-attribute=format"
   nw="$nw -Wsuggest-attribute=pure"
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ AS_CASE([$LIB_CRYPTO],
     [# Check for dlopen and libcrypto dynamic linking in one program,
      # as there's little point to checking them separately.
      AC_CACHE_CHECK([for dlopen and whether libcrypto is linked dynamically],
-       [utils_cv_dlopen_libcrypto],
-       [utils_cv_dlopen_libcrypto=no
+       [utils_cv_libcrypto_soname],
+       [utils_cv_libcrypto_soname=no
         saved_LIBS=$LIBS
         LIBS="$LIBS $LIB_DL $LIB_CRYPTO"
         AC_LINK_IFELSE(
@@ -385,14 +385,14 @@ AS_CASE([$LIB_CRYPTO],
                               sed -n 's/.*\(libcrypto\.so\.[[.0-9]]*\).*/\1/p'`"
            AS_CASE([$LIBCRYPTO_SONAME],
              [*libcrypto*],
-               [utils_cv_dlopen_libcrypto=yes])])
+               [utils_cv_libcrypto_soname=$LIBCRYPTO_SONAME])])
         LIBS=$saved_LIBS])
-     AS_CASE([$utils_cv_dlopen_libcrypto],
-       [yes],
+     AS_CASE([$utils_cv_libcrypto_soname],
+       [*libcrypto*],
          [AC_DEFINE([DLOPEN_LIBCRYPTO], [1],
                     [Define to 1 if dlopen exists and libcrypto is
                      linked dynamically.])
-          AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([LIBCRYPTO_SONAME], ["$LIBCRYPTO_SONAME"],
+          AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([LIBCRYPTO_SONAME], ["$utils_cv_libcrypto_soname"],
                              [versioned libcrypto])
          ])])
 
@@ -617,6 +617,40 @@ if test $utils_cv_brain_16_bit_supported = yes; then
   AC_DEFINE([BF16_SUPPORTED], [1], [Brain 16 bit float supported])
 fi
 
+ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+CFLAGS="-march=armv8-a+crypto $CFLAGS"
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([if vmull intrinsic exists])
+AC_CACHE_VAL([utils_cv_vmull_intrinsic_exists],[
+AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+  [AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+    #include <stdio.h>
+    #include <sys/auxv.h>
+    #include <asm/hwcap.h>
+    #include <arm_neon.h>
+
+    int
+    main (void)
+    {
+      uint64x2_t a;
+      poly64_t shift64 = vget_lane_p64(vcreate_p64(0xB8BC6765), 0);
+      a = vreinterpretq_u64_p128(vmull_p64(shift64, vreinterpretq_p128_u64(a)));
+      return (getauxval(AT_HWCAP) & HWCAP_PMULL) > 0;
+    }
+  ]])
+  ],[
+    utils_cv_vmull_intrinsic_exists=yes
+  ],[
+    utils_cv_vmull_intrinsic_exists=no
+  ])])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$utils_cv_vmull_intrinsic_exists])
+if test $utils_cv_vmull_intrinsic_exists = yes; then
+  AC_DEFINE([USE_VMULL_CRC32], [1],
+            [CRC32 calculation by vmull hardware instruction enabled])
+fi
+AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_VMULL_CRC32],
+               [test $utils_cv_vmull_intrinsic_exists = yes])
+CFLAGS=$ac_save_CFLAGS
+
 ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
 CFLAGS="-mavx -mpclmul $CFLAGS"
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([if pclmul intrinsic exists])
@@ -648,6 +682,74 @@ AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_PCLMUL_CRC32],
                [test $utils_cv_pclmul_intrinsic_exists = yes])
 CFLAGS=$ac_save_CFLAGS
 
+ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+CFLAGS=" -mavx2 -mvpclmulqdq $CFLAGS"
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([if avx2 pclmul intrinsic exists])
+AC_CACHE_VAL([utils_cv_avx2_pclmul_intrinsic_exists],[
+AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+  [AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+    #include <x86intrin.h>
+
+    int
+    main (void)
+    {
+      __m256i a, b;
+      a = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (a, b, 0x00);
+      a = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (a, b);
+      return __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx2") &&
+        __builtin_cpu_supports ("vpclmulqdq");
+    }
+  ]])
+  ],[
+    utils_cv_avx2_pclmul_intrinsic_exists=yes
+  ],[
+    utils_cv_avx2_pclmul_intrinsic_exists=no
+  ])])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$utils_cv_avx2_pclmul_intrinsic_exists])
+if test $utils_cv_avx2_pclmul_intrinsic_exists = yes; then
+  AC_DEFINE([USE_AVX2_CRC32], [1],
+            [CRC32 calculation by avx2 hardware instructions enabled])
+fi
+AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_AVX2_CRC32],
+               [test $utils_cv_avx2_pclmul_intrinsic_exists = yes])
+CFLAGS=$ac_save_CFLAGS
+
+ac_save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+CFLAGS=" -mavx512bw -mavx512f -mvpclmulqdq $CFLAGS"
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([if avx512 pclmul intrinsic exists])
+AC_CACHE_VAL([utils_cv_avx512_pclmul_intrinsic_exists],[
+AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+  [AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+    #include <x86intrin.h>
+
+    int
+    main (void)
+    {
+      __m512i a, b;
+      a = _mm512_set_epi8 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+      a = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (a, b, 0x00);
+      a = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (a, b);
+      return __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx512bw") &&
+        __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx512f");
+    }
+  ]])
+  ],[
+    utils_cv_avx512_pclmul_intrinsic_exists=yes
+  ],[
+    utils_cv_avx512_pclmul_intrinsic_exists=no
+  ])])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$utils_cv_avx512_pclmul_intrinsic_exists])
+if test $utils_cv_avx512_pclmul_intrinsic_exists = yes; then
+  AC_DEFINE([USE_AVX512_CRC32], [1],
+            [CRC32 calculation by avx512 hardware instructions enabled])
+fi
+AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_AVX512_CRC32],
+               [test $utils_cv_avx512_pclmul_intrinsic_exists = yes])
+CFLAGS=$ac_save_CFLAGS
+
 CFLAGS="-mavx2 $CFLAGS"
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for avx2 intrinsics])
 AC_CACHE_VAL([utils_cv_avx2_intrinsic_exists],[
@@ -658,8 +760,9 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE(
     int
     main (void)
     {
-      __m256i a, b;
-      a = _mm256_sad_epu8 (a, b);
+      __m256i matches = _mm256_setzero_si256 ();
+      int mask = _mm256_movemask_epi8 (matches);
+      int lines = __builtin_popcount (mask);
       return __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx2");
     }
   ]])

doc/coreutils.texi

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
 This manual documents version @value{VERSION} of the GNU core
 utilities, including the standard programs for text and file manipulation.
 
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1994--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 @quotation
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@@ -1083,8 +1083,16 @@ apparent file sizes, whereas the @option{--block-size} option does.
 A @var{signal} may be a signal name like @samp{HUP}, or a signal
 number like @samp{1}, or an exit status of a process terminated by the
 signal.  A signal name can be given in canonical form or prefixed by
-@samp{SIG}@.  The case of the letters is ignored.  The following signal names
-and numbers are supported on all POSIX compliant systems:
+@samp{SIG}@.  The case of the letters is ignored.
+
+@noindent
+The signal @samp{0} pseudo signal is synonymous with the name @samp{EXIT}
+with the GNU @command{kill} command, and @command{bash} at least,
+as @code{trap foo 0} and @code{trap foo EXIT} are equivalent.
+
+@noindent
+The following signal names and numbers are supported
+on all POSIX compliant systems:
 
 @table @samp
 @item HUP
@@ -1552,7 +1560,7 @@ case-insensitive @code{inf}, @code{infinity}, and @code{NaN}, although
 whether such values are useful depends on the command in question.
 Modern C implementations also accept hexadecimal floating point
 numbers such as @code{-0x.ep-3}, which stands for @minus{}14/16 times
-@math{2^-3}, which equals @minus{}0.109375.  @xref{Parsing of
+@math{2^{-3}}, which equals @minus{}0.109375.  @xref{Parsing of
 Floats,,, libc, The GNU C Library Reference Manual}.
 
 @vindex LC_NUMERIC
@@ -4051,7 +4059,8 @@ and the file name unless no arguments were given.
 The 32-bit CRC used is based on the polynomial used
 for CRC error checking in the ISO/IEC 8802-3:1996 standard (Ethernet).
 Similar output formats are used for the other legacy checksums
-selectable with @option{--algorithm=sysv} or @option{--algorithm=bsd},
+selectable with @option{--algorithm=crc32b}, and
+@option{--algorithm=sysv} or @option{--algorithm=bsd}
 detailed at @ref{sum invocation}.
 
 @item Tagged output format
@@ -4100,6 +4109,7 @@ Supported legacy checksums (which are not supported by @option{--check}):
 @samp{sysv}      equivalent to @command{sum -s}
 @samp{bsd}       equivalent to @command{sum -r}
 @samp{crc}       equivalent to @command{cksum} (the default)
+@samp{crc32b}    only available through @command{cksum}
 @end example
 
 Supported more modern digest algorithms are:
@@ -4151,7 +4161,7 @@ as the length is automatically determined when checking.
 Print only the unencoded raw binary digest for a single input.
 Do not output the file name or anything else.
 Use network byte order (big endian) where applicable:
-for @samp{bsd}, @samp{crc}, and @samp{sysv}.
+for @samp{bsd}, @samp{crc}, @samp{crc32b}, and @samp{sysv}.
 This option works only with a single input.
 Unlike other output formats, @command{cksum} provides no way to
 @option{--check} a @option{--raw} checksum.
@@ -4225,7 +4235,7 @@ a checksum inconsistent with the associated file, or if no valid
 line is found, @command{cksum} exits with nonzero status.  Otherwise,
 it exits successfully.
 The @command{cksum} command does not support @option{--check}
-with the older @samp{sysv}, @samp{bsd}, or @samp{crc} algorithms.
+with the older @samp{sysv}, @samp{bsd}, @samp{crc} or @samp{crc32b} algorithms.
 
 @item --ignore-missing
 @opindex --ignore-missing
@@ -5151,12 +5161,22 @@ Use the common DSU, Decorate Sort Undecorate idiom to
 sort lines according to their length.
 
 @example
-awk '@{print length, $0@}' /etc/passwd | sort -n | cut -f2- -d' '
+getent passwd |@/
+awk '@{print length, $0@}' | sort -n | cut -f2- -d' '
 @end example
 
 In general this technique can be used to sort data that the @command{sort}
 command does not support, or is inefficient at, sorting directly.
 
+@item
+Use the same DSU idiom as above to sort lines by their last field,
+and in this specific example the presented lines are users' full names.
+
+@example
+getent passwd | grep -v nologin | cut -d: -f5 | grep ' ' |@/
+awk '@{print $NF, $0@}' | sort -k1,1 | cut -f2- -d' '
+@end example
+
 @item
 Shuffle a list of directories, but preserve the order of files within
 each directory.  For instance, one could use this to generate a music
@@ -7630,7 +7650,8 @@ non-option argument is specified, @command{ls} operates on the current
 directory, acting as if it had been invoked with a single argument of @samp{.}.
 
 @vindex LC_ALL
-By default, the output is sorted alphabetically, according to the locale
+By default, @command{ls} lists each directory's contents alphabetically,
+according to the locale
 settings in effect.@footnote{If you use a non-POSIX
 locale (e.g., by setting @env{LC_ALL} to @samp{en_US}), then @command{ls} may
 produce output that is sorted differently than you're accustomed to.
@@ -7737,16 +7758,6 @@ or any of the following options is in effect:
 @option{--dereference} (@option{-L}), or
 @option{--dereference-command-line} (@option{-H})).
 
-@item --group-directories-first
-@opindex --group-directories-first
-Group all the directories before the files and then sort the
-directories and the files separately using the selected sort key
-(see @option{--sort} option).
-That is, this option specifies a primary sort key,
-and the @option{--sort} option specifies a secondary key.
-However, any use of @option{--sort=none}
-(@option{-U}) disables this option altogether.
-
 @item --hide=PATTERN
 @opindex --hide=@var{pattern}
 In directories, ignore files whose names match the shell pattern
@@ -8073,6 +8084,10 @@ with a security context, but no other alternate access method.
 A file with any other combination of alternate access methods
 is marked with a @samp{+} character.
 
+@command{ls} uses a @samp{?} character to indicate it is unable to determine
+whether alternate access methods apply to the file, which may happen for
+example with some NFS setups with files without read permission.
+
 @item -n
 @itemx --numeric-uid-gid
 @opindex -n
@@ -8127,9 +8142,12 @@ In long format, print the security context to the left of the size column.
 @subsection Sorting the output
 
 @cindex sorting @command{ls} output
-These options change the order in which @command{ls} sorts the information
-it outputs.  By default, sorting is done by character code
-(e.g., ASCII order).
+@vindex LC_COLLATE
+These options change the order in which @command{ls} outputs
+information for the files in a directory.
+(Command-line operands are always processed left to right.)
+By default, files are sorted alphabetically by name, using the
+character collating sequence specified by the @env{LC_COLLATE} locale.
 
 @table @samp
 
@@ -8150,11 +8168,19 @@ sort according to the ctime.  @xref{File timestamps}.
 @opindex -f
 @cindex unsorted directory listing
 @cindex directory order, listing by
-Produce an unsorted directory listing.
-This is like @option{--sort=none} (@option{-U}),
-but also enable @option{--all} (@option{-a}),
-while also disabling any previous use of @option{-l}, @option{--color}
-@option{--size}, or @option{--hyperlink}.
+Do not sort, and list all files.
+This is like @option{--sort=none} (@option{-U}) combined
+with @option{--all} (@option{-a}).
+
+@item --group-directories-first
+@opindex --group-directories-first
+When listing a directory's files,
+group all subdirectories before non-directories
+and then sort the subdirectories and the non-directories separately.
+That is, this option specifies a primary sort key,
+and the other sorting options specify a secondary key.
+However, any use of @option{--sort=none}
+(@option{-U}) disables this option altogether.
 
 @item -r
 @itemx --reverse
@@ -8224,10 +8250,12 @@ sort according to the birth time.
 @opindex --sort
 @opindex none@r{, sorting option for @command{ls}}
 Do not sort; list the files in whatever order they are
-stored in the directory.  (Do not do any of the other unrelated things
-that @option{-f} does.)  This can be useful when listing large
+stored in the directory.  This can be useful when listing large
 directories, where sorting can take some time.
 
+Unlike @option{-f}, this option does not imply @option{--all}
+(@option{-a}).
+
 @item -v
 @itemx --sort=version
 @opindex -v
@@ -8237,6 +8265,13 @@ Sort by version name and number, lowest first.  It behaves like a default
 sort, except that each sequence of decimal digits is treated numerically
 as an index/version number.  @xref{Version sort ordering}.
 
+@item --sort=name
+@opindex --sort
+@opindex name@r{, sorting option for @command{ls}}
+Sort by file name.  This is the default operation of @command{ls},
+and can be explicitly specified to override any
+previously specified sorting option.
+
 @item --sort=width
 @opindex --sort
 @opindex width@r{, sorting option for @command{ls}}
@@ -8308,6 +8343,7 @@ Specifying @option{--color} and no @var{when} is equivalent to
 @option{--color=always}.
 If piping a colored listing through a pager like @command{less},
 use the pager's @option{-R} option to pass the color codes to the terminal.
+@xref{dircolors invocation} to configure the colors used.
 
 @vindex LS_COLORS
 @vindex SHELL @r{environment variable, and color}
@@ -8391,7 +8427,7 @@ Specifying @option{--hyperlink} and no @var{when} is equivalent to
 
 @item --indicator-style=@var{word}
 @opindex --indicator-style
-Append a character indicator with style @var{word} to entry names,
+Append a character indicator with style @var{word} to file names,
 as follows:
 
 @table @samp
@@ -8419,6 +8455,7 @@ overriding any contrary specification in environment variables
 (@pxref{Block size}).  If @option{--block-size},
 @option{--human-readable} (@option{-h}), or @option{--si} options are used,
 they take precedence even if @option{--kibibytes} (@option{-k}) is placed after
+the other options.
 
 The @option{--kibibytes} (@option{-k}) option affects the
 per-directory block count written in long format,
@@ -8692,7 +8729,7 @@ like @command{csh}.
 Quote strings for the shell, even if they would normally not require quoting.
 @item shell-escape
 Like @samp{shell}, but also quoting non-printable characters using the POSIX
-proposed @samp{$''} syntax suitable for most shells.
+@samp{$''} syntax suitable for most shells.
 @item shell-escape-always
 Like @samp{shell-escape}, but quote strings even if they would
 normally not require quoting.
@@ -8700,6 +8737,9 @@ normally not require quoting.
 Quote strings as for C character string literals, including the
 surrounding double-quote characters; this is the same as the
 @option{--quote-name} (@option{-Q}) option.
+@item c-maybe
+Quote strings as for C character string literals, except omit the
+surrounding double-quote if no escaping is required.
 @item escape
 Quote strings as for C character string literals, except omit the
 surrounding double-quote
@@ -10246,7 +10286,7 @@ The program accepts the following options.  Also see @ref{Common options}.
 @opindex -f
 @opindex --force
 @cindex prompts, omitting
-Do not prompt the user before removing a destination file.
+Do not prompt the user before replacing a destination file.
 @macro mvOptsIfn
 If you specify more than one of the @option{-i}, @option{-f}, @option{-n}
 options, only the final one takes effect.
@@ -13383,10 +13423,12 @@ printf @var{format} [@var{argument}]@dots{}
 
 @command{printf} prints the @var{format} string, interpreting @samp{%}
 directives and @samp{\} escapes to format numeric and string arguments
-in a way that is mostly similar to the C @samp{printf} function.
+in a way that is mostly similar to the C @samp{printf} function,
+and C language escape sequence processing.
 @xref{Output Conversion Syntax,, @command{printf} format directives,
 libc, The GNU C Library Reference Manual}, for details.
-The differences are listed below.
+See also @uref{https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/escape,
+C99 string escapes:}.  The differences are listed below.
 
 @mayConflictWithShellBuiltIn{printf}
 
@@ -13402,6 +13444,15 @@ Missing @var{argument}s are treated as null strings or as zeros,
 depending on whether the context expects a string or a number.  For
 example, the command @samp{printf %sx%d} prints @samp{x0}.
 
+@item
+Indexed arguments referenced with @samp{%...$} formats, can be
+mixed with standard sequential argument references,
+in which case both index types are independent.
+For example, the command @samp{printf '%1$s%s' A} prints @samp{AA}.
+Also the highest referenced argument, either indexed or sequential,
+is considered to be the last one referenced, when determining
+unused arguments for reprocessing with the @var{format} argument.
+
 @item
 @kindex \c
 An additional escape, @samp{\c}, causes @command{printf} to produce no
@@ -13419,9 +13470,9 @@ one.
 @kindex %b
 An additional directive @samp{%b}, prints its
 argument string with @samp{\} escapes interpreted in the same way as in
-the @var{format} string, except that octal escapes are of the form
-@samp{\0@var{ooo}} where @var{ooo} is 0 to 3 octal digits.  If
-@samp{\@var{ooo}} is nine-bit value, ignore the ninth bit.
+the @var{format} string, except that octal escapes should have a leading
+@samp{0} like @samp{\0@var{nnn}}.
+If @samp{@var{nnn}} is a nine-bit value, ignore the ninth bit.
 If a precision is also given, it limits the number of bytes printed
 from the converted string.
 
@@ -13429,7 +13480,7 @@ from the converted string.
 @kindex %q
 An additional directive @samp{%q}, prints its argument string
 in a format that can be reused as input by most shells.
-Non-printable characters are escaped with the POSIX proposed @samp{$''} syntax,
+Non-printable characters are escaped with the POSIX @samp{$''} syntax,
 and shell metacharacters are quoted appropriately.
 This is an equivalent format to @command{ls --quoting=shell-escape} output.
 
@@ -13696,7 +13747,7 @@ Exit status:
 * File type tests::             @code{-[bcdfhLpSt]}
 * Access permission tests::     @code{-[gkruwxOG]}
 * File characteristic tests::   @code{-e -s -nt -ot -ef}
-* String tests::                @code{-z -n = == !=}
+* String tests::                @code{-z -n = == != > <}
 * Numeric tests::               @code{-eq -ne -lt -le -gt -ge}
 * Connectives for test::        @code{! -a -o}
 @end menu
@@ -13905,6 +13956,16 @@ shells and systems.
 @cindex not-equal string check
 True if the strings are not equal.
 
+@item @var{string1} > @var{string2}
+@opindex >
+@cindex greater-than string check
+True if @var{string1} is greater than @var{string2} in the current locale.
+
+@item @var{string1} < @var{string2}
+@opindex <
+@cindex less-than string check
+True if @var{string1} is less than @var{string2} in the current locale.
+
 @end table
 
 
@@ -14742,7 +14803,7 @@ and print its name.  If given, @var{template} must include at least
 three consecutive @samp{X}s in the last component.  If omitted, the template
 @samp{tmp.XXXXXXXXXX} is used, and option @option{--tmpdir} is
 implied.  The final run of @samp{X}s in the @var{template} will be replaced
-by alpha-numeric characters; thus, on a case-sensitive file system,
+by alphanumeric characters; thus, on a case-sensitive file system,
 and with a @var{template} including a run of @var{n} instances of @samp{X},
 there are @samp{62**@var{n}} potential file names.
 
@@ -15818,13 +15879,14 @@ Set the output speed to @var{n}.
 @item rows @var{n}
 @opindex rows
 Tell the tty kernel driver that the terminal has @var{n} rows.
-Non-POSIX.
 
 @item cols @var{n}
-@itemx columns @var{n}
 @opindex cols
+Tell the kernel that the terminal has @var{n} columns.
+
+@item columns @var{n}
 @opindex columns
-Tell the kernel that the terminal has @var{n} columns.  Non-POSIX.
+Same as @samp{cols}.  Non-POSIX.
 
 @item drain
 @opindex drain
@@ -15849,7 +15911,6 @@ Print the number of rows and columns that the kernel thinks the
 terminal has.  (Systems that don't support rows and columns in the kernel
 typically use the environment variables @env{LINES} and @env{COLUMNS}
 instead; however, GNU @command{stty} does not know anything about them.)
-Non-POSIX.
 
 @item line @var{n}
 @opindex line
@@ -16599,7 +16660,9 @@ It is normally at least two characters, but it may be more.
 @item %d
 day of month (e.g., @samp{01})
 @item %D
-date; same as @samp{%m/%d/%y}
+date; same as @samp{%m/%d/%y}.
+Although commonly used in the US, this format is confusing elsewhere,
+and it is ambiguous for dates in different centuries.
 @item %e
 day of month, space padded; same as @samp{%_d}
 @item %F
@@ -16615,6 +16678,7 @@ year corresponding to the ISO week number, but without the century
 as @samp{%y}, except that if the ISO week number (see
 @samp{%V}) belongs
 to the previous or next year, that year is used instead.
+This format is ambiguous for dates in different centuries.
 @item %G
 year corresponding to the ISO week number.  This has the
 same format and value as @samp{%Y}, except that if the ISO
@@ -16653,9 +16717,11 @@ week number of year, with Monday as first day of week
 (@samp{00}@dots{}@samp{53}).
 Days in a new year preceding the first Monday are in week zero.
 @item %x
-locale's date representation (e.g., @samp{12/31/99})
+locale's date representation (e.g., @samp{12/31/99}).
+This format can be ambiguous for dates in different centuries.
 @item %y
-last two digits of year (@samp{00}@dots{}@samp{99})
+last two digits of year (@samp{00}@dots{}@samp{99}).
+This format is ambiguous for dates in different centuries.
 @item %Y
 year.  This is normally at least four characters, but it may be more.
 Year @samp{0000} precedes year @samp{0001}, and year @samp{-001}
@@ -18773,13 +18839,9 @@ The program accepts the following options.  Also see @ref{Common options}.
 Options must precede operands.
 
 @table @samp
-@item --preserve-status
-@opindex --preserve-status
-Return the exit status of the managed @var{command} on timeout, rather than
-a specific exit status indicating a timeout.  This is useful if the
-managed @var{command} supports running for an indeterminate amount of time.
-
-@item --foreground
+@item -f
+@itemx --foreground
+@opindex -f
 @opindex --foreground
 Don't create a separate background program group, so that
 the managed @var{command} can use the foreground TTY normally.
@@ -18819,6 +18881,14 @@ either because the signal was blocked or ignored, or if the @var{command} takes
 too long (e.g. for cleanup work) to terminate itself within a certain amount
 of time.
 
+@item -p
+@itemx --preserve-status
+@opindex -p
+@opindex --preserve-status
+Return the exit status of the managed @var{command} on timeout, rather than
+a specific exit status indicating a timeout.  This is useful if the
+managed @var{command} supports running for an indeterminate amount of time.
+
 @item -s @var{signal}
 @itemx --signal=@var{signal}
 @opindex -s
@@ -18843,6 +18913,11 @@ C locale (@pxref{Floating point}) followed by an optional unit:
 @samp{h} for hours
 @samp{d} for days
 @end display
+@macro hexDuration
+A hexadecimal number can precede a @samp{d} suffix only if the number
+has a @samp{p} style exponent, e.g., @samp{0x1p0d} means one day.
+@end macro
+@hexDuration
 A duration of 0 disables the associated timeout.
 The actual timeout duration is dependent on system conditions,
 which should be especially considered when specifying sub-second timeouts.
@@ -19019,6 +19094,8 @@ non-negative integer argument without a suffix, GNU @command{sleep}
 also accepts two or more arguments, unit suffixes, and floating-point
 numbers in either the current or the C locale.  @xref{Floating point}.
 
+@hexDuration
+
 For instance, the following could be used to @command{sleep} for
 1 second, 234 milli-, 567 micro- and 890 nanoseconds:
 

doc/local.mk

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Make coreutils documentation.				-*-Makefile-*-
 # This is included by the top-level Makefile.am.
 
-# Copyright (C) 1995-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1995-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

doc/perm.texi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 @c File mode bits
 
-@c Copyright (C) 1994--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1994--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 @c Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 @c under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or

doc/sort-version.texi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 @c GNU Version-sort ordering documentation
 
-@c Copyright (C) 2019--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 2019--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 @c Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 @c under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or

gl/lib/buffer-lcm.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* buffer-lcm.c - compute a good buffer size for dealing with two files
 
-   Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/cl-strtod.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Convert string to double in the current locale, falling back on the C locale.
 
-   Copyright 2019-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright 2019-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/dtimespec-bound.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include <config.h>
+#define DTIMESPEC_BOUND_INLINE _GL_EXTERN_INLINE
+#include "dtimespec-bound.h"

gl/lib/dtimespec-bound.h

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/* Compute a timespec-related bound for floating point.
+
+   Copyright 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* written by Paul Eggert */
+
+#ifndef DTIMESPEC_BOUND_H
+# define DTIMESPEC_BOUND_H 1
+
+/* This file uses _GL_INLINE_HEADER_BEGIN, _GL_INLINE.  */
+# if !_GL_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+#  error "Please include config.h first."
+# endif
+
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <float.h>
+# include <math.h>
+
+_GL_INLINE_HEADER_BEGIN
+# ifndef DTIMESPEC_BOUND_INLINE
+#  define DTIMESPEC_BOUND_INLINE _GL_INLINE
+# endif
+
+/* If C is positive and finite, return the least floating point value
+   greater than C.  However, if 0 < C < (2 * DBL_TRUE_MIN) / (DBL_EPSILON**2),
+   return a positive value less than 1e-9.
+
+   If C is +0.0, return a positive value < 1e-9 if ERR == ERANGE, C otherwise.
+   If C is +Inf, return C.
+   If C is negative, return -timespec_roundup(-C).
+   If C is a NaN, return a NaN.
+
+   Assume round-to-even.
+
+   This function can be useful if some floating point operation
+   rounded to C but we want a nearby bound on the true value, where
+   the bound can be converted to struct timespec.  If the operation
+   underflowed to zero, ERR should be ERANGE a la strtod.  */
+
+DTIMESPEC_BOUND_INLINE double
+dtimespec_bound (double c, int err)
+{
+  /* Do not use copysign or nextafter, as they link to -lm in GNU/Linux.  */
+
+  /* Use DBL_TRUE_MIN for the special case of underflowing to zero;
+     any positive value less than 1e-9 will do.  */
+  if (err == ERANGE && c == 0)
+    return signbit (c) ? -DBL_TRUE_MIN : DBL_TRUE_MIN;
+
+  /* This is the first part of Algorithm 2 of:
+     Rump SM, Zimmermann P, Boldo S, Melquiond G.
+     Computing predecessor and successor in rounding to nearest.
+     BIT Numerical Mathematics. 2009;49(419-431).
+     <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10543-009-0218-z>
+     The rest of Algorithm 2 is not needed because numbers less than
+     the predecessor of 1e-9 merely need to stay less than 1e-9.  */
+  double phi = DBL_EPSILON / 2 * (1 + DBL_EPSILON);
+  return c + phi * c;
+}
+
+_GL_INLINE_HEADER_END
+
+#endif

gl/lib/fadvise.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Declare an access pattern hint for files.
-   Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/fadvise.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Declare an access pattern hint for files.
-   Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/fd-reopen.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Invoke open, but return either a desired file descriptor or -1.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2005-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/fd-reopen.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Invoke open, but return either a desired file descriptor or -1.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2005-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/heap.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Barebones heap implementation supporting only insert and pop.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -25,23 +25,23 @@
 #include "xalloc.h"
 
 static int heap_default_compare (void const *, void const *);
-static size_t heapify_down (void **, size_t, size_t,
-                            int (*) (void const *, void const *));
-static void heapify_up (void **, size_t,
+static void heapify_down (void **, idx_t, idx_t,
+                          int (*) (void const *, void const *));
+static void heapify_up (void **, idx_t,
                         int (*) (void const *, void const *));
 
 struct heap
 {
   void **array;     /* array[0] is not used */
-  size_t capacity;  /* Array size */
-  size_t count;     /* Used as index to last element. Also is num of items. */
+  idx_t capacity;   /* Array size */
+  idx_t count;      /* Used as index to last element. Also is num of items. */
   int (*compare) (void const *, void const *);
 };
 
 /* Allocate memory for the heap. */
 
 struct heap *
-heap_alloc (int (*compare) (void const *, void const *), size_t n_reserve)
+heap_alloc (int (*compare) (void const *, void const *), idx_t n_reserve)
 {
   struct heap *heap = xmalloc (sizeof *heap);
 
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ int
 heap_insert (struct heap *heap, void *item)
 {
   if (heap->capacity - 1 <= heap->count)
-    heap->array = x2nrealloc (heap->array, &heap->capacity,
-                              sizeof *(heap->array));
+    heap->array = xpalloc (heap->array, &heap->capacity, 1, -1,
+                           sizeof heap->array[0]);
 
   heap->array[++heap->count] = item;
   heapify_up (heap->array, heap->count, heap->compare);
@@ -107,16 +107,16 @@ heap_remove_top (struct heap *heap)
 
 /* Move element down into appropriate position in heap. */
 
-static size_t
-heapify_down (void **array, size_t count, size_t initial,
+static void
+heapify_down (void **array, idx_t count, idx_t initial,
               int (*compare) (void const *, void const *))
 {
   void *element = array[initial];
 
-  size_t parent = initial;
-  while (parent <= count / 2)
+  idx_t parent = initial;
+  while (parent <= count >> 1)
     {
-      size_t child = 2 * parent;
+      idx_t child = 2 * parent;
 
       if (child < count && compare (array[child], array[child + 1]) < 0)
         child++;
@@ -129,22 +129,21 @@ heapify_down (void **array, size_t count, size_t initial,
     }
 
   array[parent] = element;
-  return parent;
 }
 
 /* Move element up into appropriate position in heap. */
 
 static void
-heapify_up (void **array, size_t count,
+heapify_up (void **array, idx_t count,
             int (*compare) (void const *, void const *))
 {
-  size_t k = count;
+  idx_t k = count;
   void *new_element = array[k];
 
-  while (k != 1 && compare (array[k / 2], new_element) <= 0)
+  while (k != 1 && compare (array[k >> 1], new_element) <= 0)
     {
-      array[k] = array[k / 2];
-      k /= 2;
+      array[k] = array[k >> 1];
+      k >>= 1;
     }
 
   array[k] = new_element;

gl/lib/heap.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Barebones heap implementation supporting only insert and pop.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -18,13 +18,15 @@
 /* Full implementation: GDSL (http://gna.org/projects/gdsl/) by Nicolas
    Darnis <ndarnis@free.fr>. Adapted by Gene Auyeung. */
 
+#include "idx.h"
+
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 struct heap;
 
 void heap_free (struct heap *) _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONNULL ();
 
-struct heap *heap_alloc (int (*) (void const *, void const *), size_t)
+struct heap *heap_alloc (int (*) (void const *, void const *), idx_t)
   _GL_ATTRIBUTE_MALLOC _GL_ATTRIBUTE_DEALLOC (heap_free, 1)
   _GL_ATTRIBUTE_RETURNS_NONNULL;
 

gl/lib/rand-isaac.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Bob Jenkins's cryptographic random number generators, ISAAC and ISAAC64.
 
-   Copyright (C) 1999-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1999-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999 Colin Plumb.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

gl/lib/rand-isaac.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Bob Jenkins's cryptographic random number generators, ISAAC and ISAAC64.
 
-   Copyright (C) 1999-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1999-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999 Colin Plumb.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

gl/lib/randint.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Generate random integers.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/randint.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Generate random integers.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/randperm.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Generate random permutations.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,28 +22,15 @@
 #include "randperm.h"
 
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <stdbit.h>
+#include <stdckdint.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include "attribute.h"
-#include "count-leading-zeros.h"
 #include "hash.h"
 #include "xalloc.h"
 
-/* Return the floor of the log base 2 of N.  If N is zero, return -1.  */
-
-ATTRIBUTE_CONST static int
-floor_lg (size_t n)
-{
-  static_assert (SIZE_WIDTH <= ULLONG_WIDTH);
-  return (n == 0 ? -1
-          : SIZE_WIDTH <= UINT_WIDTH
-          ? UINT_WIDTH - 1 - count_leading_zeros (n)
-          : SIZE_WIDTH <= ULONG_WIDTH
-          ? ULONG_WIDTH - 1 - count_leading_zeros_l (n)
-          : ULLONG_WIDTH - 1 - count_leading_zeros_ll (n));
-}
-
 /* Return an upper bound on the number of random bytes needed to
    generate the first H elements of a random permutation of N
    elements.  H must not exceed N.  */
@@ -53,13 +40,15 @@ randperm_bound (size_t h, size_t n)
 {
   /* Upper bound on number of bits needed to generate the first number
      of the permutation.  */
-  uintmax_t lg_n = floor_lg (n) + 1;
+  unsigned int lg_n = stdc_bit_width (n) + 1;
 
-  /* Upper bound on number of bits needed to generated the first H elements.  */
-  uintmax_t ar = lg_n * h;
+  /* Upper bound on number of bits needed to generate the first H elements.  */
+  uintmax_t ar;
+  if (ckd_mul (&ar, lg_n, h))
+    return SIZE_MAX;
 
   /* Convert the bit count to a byte count.  */
-  size_t bound = (ar + CHAR_BIT - 1) / CHAR_BIT;
+  size_t bound = ar / CHAR_BIT + (ar % CHAR_BIT != 0);
 
   return bound;
 }

gl/lib/randread.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Generate buffers of random data.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -189,9 +189,19 @@ randread_new (char const *name, size_t bytes_bound)
         setvbuf (source, s->buf.c, _IOFBF, MIN (sizeof s->buf.c, bytes_bound));
       else
         {
+          /* Fill the ISAAC buffer.  Although it is tempting to read at
+             most BYTES_BOUND bytes, this is incorrect for two reasons.
+             First, BYTES_BOUND is just an estimate.
+             Second, even if the estimate is correct
+             ISAAC64 poorly randomizes when BYTES_BOUND is small
+             and just the first few bytes of s->buf.isaac.state.m
+             are random while the other bytes are all zero.  See:
+             Aumasson J-P. On the pseudo-random generator ISAAC.
+             Cryptology ePrint Archive. 2006;438.
+             <https://eprint.iacr.org/2006/438>.  */
           s->buf.isaac.buffered = 0;
           if (! get_nonce (s->buf.isaac.state.m,
-                           MIN (sizeof s->buf.isaac.state.m, bytes_bound)))
+                           sizeof s->buf.isaac.state.m))
             {
               int e = errno;
               randread_free_body (s);

gl/lib/randread.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Generate buffers of random data.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/root-dev-ino.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* root-dev-ino.c -- get the device and inode numbers for '/'.
-   Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/root-dev-ino.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Root device and inode number checking.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/skipchars.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Skipping sequences of characters satisfying a predicate
 
-   Copyright 2023-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright 2023-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/smack.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Include and determine availability of smack routines
-   Copyright (C) 2013-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2013-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/strintcmp.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Compare integer strings.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2005-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/strnumcmp-in.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Compare numeric strings.  This is an internal include file.
 
-   Copyright (C) 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,21 +22,12 @@
 
 # include "strnumcmp.h"
 
+# include "c-ctype.h"
 # include <stddef.h>
 
 # define NEGATION_SIGN   '-'
 # define NUMERIC_ZERO    '0'
 
-/* ISDIGIT differs from isdigit, as follows:
-   - Its arg may be any int or unsigned int; it need not be an unsigned char
-     or EOF.
-   - It's typically faster.
-   POSIX says that only '0' through '9' are digits.  Prefer ISDIGIT to
-   isdigit unless it's important to use the locale's definition
-   of 'digit' even when the host does not conform to POSIX.  */
-# define ISDIGIT(c) ((unsigned int) (c) - '0' <= 9)
-
-
 /* Compare strings A and B containing decimal fractions < 1.
    DECIMAL_POINT is the decimal point.  Each string
    should begin with a decimal point followed immediately by the digits
@@ -76,13 +67,13 @@ fraccompare (char const *a, char const *b, char decimal_point)
   if (*a == decimal_point && *b == decimal_point)
     {
       while (*++a == *++b)
-        if (! ISDIGIT (*a))
+        if (! c_isdigit (*a))
           return 0;
-      if (ISDIGIT (*a) && ISDIGIT (*b))
+      if (c_isdigit (*a) && c_isdigit (*b))
         return *a - *b;
-      if (ISDIGIT (*a))
+      if (c_isdigit (*a))
         goto a_trailing_nonzero;
-      if (ISDIGIT (*b))
+      if (c_isdigit (*b))
         goto b_trailing_nonzero;
       return 0;
     }
@@ -91,14 +82,14 @@ fraccompare (char const *a, char const *b, char decimal_point)
     a_trailing_nonzero:
       while (*a == NUMERIC_ZERO)
         a++;
-      return ISDIGIT (*a);
+      return c_isdigit (*a);
     }
   else if (*b++ == decimal_point)
     {
     b_trailing_nonzero:
       while (*b == NUMERIC_ZERO)
         b++;
-      return - ISDIGIT (*b);
+      return - c_isdigit (*b);
     }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -131,7 +122,7 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
             do
               tmpa = *++a;
             while (tmpa == NUMERIC_ZERO);
-          if (ISDIGIT (tmpa))
+          if (c_isdigit (tmpa))
             return -1;
           while (tmpb == NUMERIC_ZERO || tmpb == thousands_sep)
             tmpb = *++b;
@@ -139,13 +130,13 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
             do
               tmpb = *++b;
             while (tmpb == NUMERIC_ZERO);
-          return - ISDIGIT (tmpb);
+          return - c_isdigit (tmpb);
         }
       do
         tmpb = *++b;
       while (tmpb == NUMERIC_ZERO || tmpb == thousands_sep);
 
-      while (tmpa == tmpb && ISDIGIT (tmpa))
+      while (tmpa == tmpb && c_isdigit (tmpa))
         {
           do
             tmpa = *++a;
@@ -155,18 +146,18 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
           while (tmpb == thousands_sep);
         }
 
-      if ((tmpa == decimal_point && !ISDIGIT (tmpb))
-          || (tmpb == decimal_point && !ISDIGIT (tmpa)))
+      if ((tmpa == decimal_point && !c_isdigit (tmpb))
+          || (tmpb == decimal_point && !c_isdigit (tmpa)))
         return fraccompare (b, a, decimal_point);
 
       tmp = tmpb - tmpa;
 
-      for (log_a = 0; ISDIGIT (tmpa); ++log_a)
+      for (log_a = 0; c_isdigit (tmpa); ++log_a)
         do
           tmpa = *++a;
         while (tmpa == thousands_sep);
 
-      for (log_b = 0; ISDIGIT (tmpb); ++log_b)
+      for (log_b = 0; c_isdigit (tmpb); ++log_b)
         do
           tmpb = *++b;
         while (tmpb == thousands_sep);
@@ -188,7 +179,7 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
         do
           tmpb = *++b;
         while (tmpb == NUMERIC_ZERO);
-      if (ISDIGIT (tmpb))
+      if (c_isdigit (tmpb))
         return 1;
       while (tmpa == NUMERIC_ZERO || tmpa == thousands_sep)
         tmpa = *++a;
@@ -196,7 +187,7 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
         do
           tmpa = *++a;
         while (tmpa == NUMERIC_ZERO);
-      return ISDIGIT (tmpa);
+      return c_isdigit (tmpa);
     }
   else
     {
@@ -205,7 +196,7 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
       while (tmpb == NUMERIC_ZERO || tmpb == thousands_sep)
         tmpb = *++b;
 
-      while (tmpa == tmpb && ISDIGIT (tmpa))
+      while (tmpa == tmpb && c_isdigit (tmpa))
         {
           do
             tmpa = *++a;
@@ -215,18 +206,18 @@ numcompare (char const *a, char const *b,
           while (tmpb == thousands_sep);
         }
 
-      if ((tmpa == decimal_point && !ISDIGIT (tmpb))
-          || (tmpb == decimal_point && !ISDIGIT (tmpa)))
+      if ((tmpa == decimal_point && !c_isdigit (tmpb))
+          || (tmpb == decimal_point && !c_isdigit (tmpa)))
         return fraccompare (a, b, decimal_point);
 
       tmp = tmpa - tmpb;
 
-      for (log_a = 0; ISDIGIT (tmpa); ++log_a)
+      for (log_a = 0; c_isdigit (tmpa); ++log_a)
         do
           tmpa = *++a;
         while (tmpa == thousands_sep);
 
-      for (log_b = 0; ISDIGIT (tmpb); ++log_b)
+      for (log_b = 0; c_isdigit (tmpb); ++log_b)
         do
           tmpb = *++b;
         while (tmpb == thousands_sep);

gl/lib/strnumcmp.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Compare numeric strings.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2005-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/targetdir.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Target directory operands for coreutils
 
-   Copyright 2004-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright 2004-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/targetdir.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Target directory operands for coreutils
 
-   Copyright 2022-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright 2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/lib/xdectoimax.c

@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@
 #define __xnumtoint xnumtoimax
 #define __xdectoint_t intmax_t
 #define __xstrtol xstrtoimax
-#define __xdectoint_signed 1
 #include "xdectoint.c"

gl/lib/xdectoint.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Convert decimal strings with bounds checking and exit on error.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2014-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2014-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include <error.h>
@@ -29,50 +28,59 @@
 #include <xstrtol.h>
 
 /* Parse numeric string N_STR of base BASE, and return the value.
-   Exit on parse error or if MIN or MAX are exceeded.
+   The value is between MIN and MAX.
    Strings can have multiplicative SUFFIXES if specified.
-   ERR is printed along with N_STR on error.  */
+   On a parse error or out-of-range number, diagnose with N_STR and ERR, and
+   exit with status ERR_EXIT if nonzero, EXIT_FAILURE otherwise.
+   However, if FLAGS & XTOINT_MIN_QUIET, do not diagnose or exit
+   for too-low numbers; return MIN and set errno instead.
+   Similarly for XTOINT_MAX_QUIET and too-high numbers and MAX.
+   The errno value and diagnostic for out-of-range values depend on
+   whether FLAGS & XTOINT_MIN_RANGE and FLAGS & XTOINT_MAX_RANGE are set.  */
 
 __xdectoint_t
 __xnumtoint (char const *n_str, int base, __xdectoint_t min, __xdectoint_t max,
-             char const *suffixes, char const *err, int err_exit)
+             char const *suffixes, char const *err, int err_exit,
+             int flags)
 {
-  strtol_error s_err;
+  __xdectoint_t tnum, r;
+  strtol_error s_err = __xstrtol (n_str, nullptr, base, &tnum, suffixes);
 
-  __xdectoint_t tnum;
-  s_err = __xstrtol (n_str, nullptr, base, &tnum, suffixes);
+  /* Errno value to report if there is an overflow.  */
+  int overflow_errno;
 
-  if (s_err == LONGINT_OK)
+  if (s_err != LONGINT_INVALID)
     {
-      if (tnum < min || max < tnum)
+      if (tnum < min)
         {
-          s_err = LONGINT_OVERFLOW;
-          /* Use have the INT range as a heuristic to distinguish
-             type overflow rather than other min/max limits.  */
-          if (tnum > INT_MAX / 2)
-            errno = EOVERFLOW;
-#if __xdectoint_signed
-          else if (tnum < INT_MIN / 2)
-            errno = EOVERFLOW;
-#endif
-          else
-            errno = ERANGE;
+          r = min;
+          overflow_errno = flags & XTOINT_MIN_RANGE ? ERANGE : EOVERFLOW;
+          if (s_err == LONGINT_OK)
+            s_err = LONGINT_OVERFLOW;
+        }
+      else if (max < tnum)
+        {
+          r = max;
+          overflow_errno = flags & XTOINT_MAX_RANGE ? ERANGE : EOVERFLOW;
+          if (s_err == LONGINT_OK)
+            s_err = LONGINT_OVERFLOW;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          r = tnum;
+          overflow_errno = EOVERFLOW;
         }
     }
-  else if (s_err == LONGINT_OVERFLOW)
-    errno = EOVERFLOW;
-  else if (s_err == LONGINT_INVALID_SUFFIX_CHAR_WITH_OVERFLOW)
-    errno = 0; /* Don't show ERANGE errors for invalid numbers.  */
 
-  if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
-    {
-      /* EINVAL error message is redundant in this context.  */
-      error (err_exit ? err_exit : EXIT_FAILURE, errno == EINVAL ? 0 : errno,
-             "%s: %s", err, quote (n_str));
-      unreachable ();
-    }
+  int e = s_err == LONGINT_OVERFLOW ? overflow_errno : 0;
 
-  return tnum;
+  if (! (s_err == LONGINT_OK
+         || (s_err == LONGINT_OVERFLOW
+             && flags & (tnum < 0 ? XTOINT_MIN_QUIET : XTOINT_MAX_QUIET))))
+    error (err_exit ? err_exit : EXIT_FAILURE, e, "%s: %s", err, quote (n_str));
+
+  errno = e;
+  return r;
 }
 
 /* Parse decimal string N_STR, and return the value.
@@ -84,5 +92,5 @@ __xdectoint_t
 __xdectoint (char const *n_str, __xdectoint_t min, __xdectoint_t max,
              char const *suffixes, char const *err, int err_exit)
 {
-  return __xnumtoint (n_str, 10, min, max, suffixes, err, err_exit);
+  return __xnumtoint (n_str, 10, min, max, suffixes, err, err_exit, 0);
 }

gl/lib/xdectoint.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Convert decimal strings with bounds checking and exit on error.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2014-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2014-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -20,13 +20,32 @@
 
 # include <inttypes.h>
 
+/* Flags for xnumtoimax and xnumtoumax.  They can be ORed togethar.  */
+enum
+  {
+    /* If the number is less than MIN, do not diagnose the problem;
+       instead, return MIN and set errno to EOVERFLOW or ERANGE.  */
+    XTOINT_MIN_QUIET = 1 << 0,
+
+    /* Likewise for the MAX argument.  */
+    XTOINT_MAX_QUIET = 1 << 1,
+
+    /* The MIN argument is imposed by the caller, not by the type of
+       the result.  This causes the function to use ERANGE rather
+       than EOVERFLOW behavior when issuing diagnostics or setting errno.  */
+    XTOINT_MIN_RANGE = 1 << 2,
+
+    /* Likewise for the MAX argument.  */
+    XTOINT_MAX_RANGE = 1 << 3
+  };
+
 # define _DECLARE_XDECTOINT(name, type) \
   type name (char const *n_str, type min, type max, \
              char const *suffixes, char const *err, int err_exit) \
     _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONNULL ((1, 5));
 # define _DECLARE_XNUMTOINT(name, type) \
   type name (char const *n_str, int base, type min, type max, \
-             char const *suffixes, char const *err, int err_exit) \
+             char const *suffixes, char const *err, int err_exit, int flags) \
     _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONNULL ((1, 6));
 
 _DECLARE_XDECTOINT (xdectoimax, intmax_t)

gl/lib/xdectoumax.c

@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@
 #define __xnumtoint xnumtoumax
 #define __xdectoint_t uintmax_t
 #define __xstrtol xstrtoumax
-#define __xdectoint_signed 0
 #include "xdectoint.c"

gl/lib/xfts.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* xfts.c -- a wrapper for fts_open
 
-   Copyright (C) 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2003-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/local.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# Make coreutils programs.                             -*-Makefile-*-
+# This is included by the top-level Makefile.am.
+
+## Copyright (C) 2024-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+## This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+## (at your option) any later version.
+##
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+## GNU General Public License for more details.
+##
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+## along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+gl/lib/buffer-lcm.c \
+gl/lib/buffer-lcm.h \
+gl/lib/cl-strtod.c \
+gl/lib/cl-strtod.h \
+gl/lib/cl-strtold.c \
+gl/lib/dtimespec-bound.c \
+gl/lib/dtimespec-bound.h \
+gl/lib/fadvise.c \
+gl/lib/fadvise.h \
+gl/lib/fd-reopen.c \
+gl/lib/fd-reopen.h \
+gl/lib/heap.c \
+gl/lib/heap.h \
+gl/lib/rand-isaac.c \
+gl/lib/rand-isaac.h \
+gl/lib/randint.c \
+gl/lib/randint.h \
+gl/lib/randperm.c \
+gl/lib/randperm.h \
+gl/lib/randread.c \
+gl/lib/randread.h \
+gl/lib/root-dev-ino.c \
+gl/lib/root-dev-ino.h \
+gl/lib/skipchars.c \
+gl/lib/skipchars.h \
+gl/lib/smack.h \
+gl/lib/strintcmp.c \
+gl/lib/strnumcmp-in.h \
+gl/lib/strnumcmp.c \
+gl/lib/strnumcmp.h \
+gl/lib/targetdir.c \
+gl/lib/targetdir.h \
+gl/lib/xdectoimax.c \
+gl/lib/xdectoint.c \
+gl/lib/xdectoint.h \
+gl/lib/xdectoumax.c \
+gl/lib/xfts.c \
+gl/lib/xfts.h \
+gl/local.mk \
+gl/modules/buffer-lcm \
+gl/modules/cl-strtod \
+gl/modules/cl-strtold \
+gl/modules/dtimespec-bound \
+gl/modules/fadvise \
+gl/modules/fadvise-tests \
+gl/modules/fd-reopen \
+gl/modules/heap \
+gl/modules/link-tests.diff \
+gl/modules/randint \
+gl/modules/randperm \
+gl/modules/randread \
+gl/modules/randread-tests \
+gl/modules/rename-tests.diff \
+gl/modules/root-dev-ino \
+gl/modules/skipchars \
+gl/modules/smack \
+gl/modules/strnumcmp \
+gl/modules/targetdir \
+gl/modules/xdectoint \
+gl/modules/xfts \
+gl/tests/test-fadvise.c \
+gl/tests/test-rand-isaac.c

gl/modules/buffer-lcm

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ lib/buffer-lcm.c
 lib/buffer-lcm.h
 
 Depends-on:
-stddef
+stddef-h
 
 configure.ac:
 

gl/modules/dtimespec-bound

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Description:
+Adjust a double to provide a timespec bound.
+
+Files:
+lib/dtimespec-bound.c
+lib/dtimespec-bound.h
+
+Depends-on:
+float-h
+signbit
+
+configure.ac:
+
+Makefile.am:
+lib_SOURCES += dtimespec-bound.c
+
+Include:
+"dtimespec-bound.h"
+
+License:
+GPL
+
+Maintainer:
+all

gl/modules/heap

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ lib/heap.c
 lib/heap.h
 
 Depends-on:
+idx
 stdlib-safer
 xalloc
 

gl/modules/randperm

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ lib/randperm.h
 
 Depends-on:
 assert-h
-count-leading-zeros
 randint
-stdint
+stdc_bit_width
+stdint-h
 xalloc
 hash
 

gl/modules/randread

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ lib/randread.h
 
 Depends-on:
 alignasof
+bool
 error
 exitfail
 inline
@@ -16,8 +17,7 @@ fopen-safer
 getrandom
 quote
 minmax
-stdbool
-stdint
+stdint-h
 unlocked-io
 xalloc
 

gl/modules/strnumcmp

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ lib/strnumcmp.h
 lib/strnumcmp-in.h
 
 Depends-on:
+c-ctype
 inline
-stddef
+stddef-h
 
 configure.ac:
 

gl/modules/targetdir

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ lib/targetdir.h
 
 Depends-on:
 attribute
+bool
 fcntl-h
-stdbool
 
 configure.ac:
 

gl/modules/xdectoint

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ lib/xdectoimax.c
 lib/xdectoumax.c
 
 Depends-on:
+bool
 error
-errno
+errno-h
 quote
-stdbool
 verify
 xstrtoimax
 xstrtoumax

gl/modules/xfts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ lib/xfts.c
 lib/xfts.h
 
 Depends-on:
-stddef
+stddef-h
 
 configure.ac:
 

gl/tests/test-fadvise.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Test that fadvise works as advertised.
-   Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

gl/tests/test-rand-isaac.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Test the ISAAC or ISAAC64 pseudorandom number generator.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

init.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is sourced by init.sh, *before* its initialization.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ ulimit_supported_()
   v="$1"
   shift
 
+  local ulimit_start_=$(date +%s) || skip_ 'ulimit: date error'
+
   (
     # Try to disable core dumps which may
     # occur with memory constraints
@@ -185,6 +187,16 @@ ulimit_supported_()
 
     ulimit -v $v && "$@"
   ) >/dev/null 2>&1
+
+  ret=$?
+
+  local ulimit_end_=$(date +%s) || skip_ 'ulimit: date error'
+
+  # This can happen on Solaris 11 at least where fork() can give EAGAIN
+  # and bash will retry for at least 16 seconds
+  test $(($ulimit_end_ - $ulimit_start_)) -ge 10 && skip_ 'ulimit too slow'
+
+  return $ret
 }
 
 # Determine the minimum required VM limit to run the given command.
@@ -200,11 +212,15 @@ get_min_ulimit_v_()
   page_size=$(($page_size / 1024))
 
   for v in $( seq 5000 5000 50000 ); do
-    if ulimit_supported_ $v "$@"; then
+    ulimit_supported_ $v "$@"; ret=$?
+    test $ret = 77 && break;
+    if test $ret = 0; then
       local prev_v
       prev_v=$v
       for v in $( seq $(($prev_v-1000)) -1000 1000 ); do
-        ulimit_supported_ $v "$@" ||
+        ulimit_supported_ $v "$@"; ret=$?
+        test $ret = 77 && break 2;
+        test $ret = 0 ||
           {
             ret_v=$((prev_v + $page_size))
             echo $ret_v
@@ -570,7 +586,7 @@ seek_data_capable_()
   # We saw FreeBSD 9.1 take 35s to return from SEEK_DATA for a 1TiB empty file.
   # Note lseek() is uninterruptible on FreeBSD 9.1, but it does eventually
   # return, and the timeout will ensure a failure return from the process.
-  timeout --version >/dev/null && TIMEOUT_='timeout 10'
+  timeout 1 true >/dev/null && TIMEOUT_='timeout 10'
 
   $TIMEOUT_ $PYTHON_ "$abs_srcdir"/tests/seek-data-capable "$@"
 }
@@ -660,7 +676,7 @@ mkfifo_or_skip_()
 
 trap_sigpipe_or_skip_()
 {
-  timeout --version >/dev/null ||
+  timeout 1 true >/dev/null ||
     skip_ 'trapping SIGPIPE cannot be safely checked'
 
   (trap '' PIPE && timeout 10 yes |:) 2>&1 | grep 'Broken pipe' >/dev/null ||

lib/t-chdir-long

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # Exercise chdir-long's sample main program.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

m4/check-decl.m4

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #serial 27
 # Check declarations for this package.
 
-dnl Copyright (C) 1997-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+dnl Copyright (C) 1997-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
 dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,

m4/include-exclude-prog.m4

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #serial 2
-dnl Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+dnl Copyright (C) 2007-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
 dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
 dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.

m4/jm-macros.m4

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-#serial 115   -*- autoconf -*-
+#serial 116   -*- autoconf -*-
 
 dnl Misc type-related macros for coreutils.
 
-# Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -215,18 +215,25 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_CHECK_ALL_TYPES],
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_STRUCT_ST_BLOCKS])
 
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS])
+
+  dnl FIXME is this section still needed?
+  dnl These types are universally available now.
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_MBSTATE_T])
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_MODE_T])
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_OFF_T])
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_PID_T])
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_SIZE_T])
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_TYPE_UID_T])
-  AC_CHECK_TYPE([ino_t], [unsigned long int])
+  AC_CHECK_TYPE([ino_t], [],
+    [AC_DEFINE([ino_t], [unsigned long int],
+       [Type of file serial numbers, also known as inode numbers.])])
 
   dnl This relies on the fact that Autoconf's implementation of
   dnl AC_CHECK_TYPE checks includes unistd.h.
-  AC_CHECK_TYPE([major_t], [unsigned int])
-  AC_CHECK_TYPE([minor_t], [unsigned int])
+  AC_CHECK_TYPE([major_t], [],
+    [AC_DEFINE([major_t], [unsigned int], [Type of major device numbers.])])
+  AC_CHECK_TYPE([minor_t], [],
+    [AC_DEFINE([minor_t], [unsigned int], [Type of minor device numbers.])])
 
   AC_REQUIRE([AC_HEADER_MAJOR])
 ])

m4/prereq.m4

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ m4_pattern_forbid([^gl_[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ]])dnl
 # directory of the coreutils package.
 
 
-# Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

m4/stat-prog.m4

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # stat-prog.m4 serial 7
 # Record the prerequisites of src/stat.c from the coreutils package.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

man/basenc.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 2018-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 2018-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/chmod.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/chown.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/df.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/du.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/env.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
@@ -7,11 +7,10 @@
 env \- run a program in a modified environment
 [DESCRIPTION]
 .\" Add any additional description here
-[OPTIONS]
-.SS "\-S/\-\-split\-string usage in scripts"
+[SCRIPT OPTION HANDLING]
 The
 .B \-S
-option allows specifying multiple parameters in a script.
+option allows specifying multiple arguments in a script.
 Running a script named
 .B 1.pl
 containing the following first line:
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ containing the following first line:
 .RE
 .PP
 Will execute
-.B "perl \-w \-T 1.pl".
+.B "perl \-w \-T 1.pl"
 .PP
 Without the
 .B '\-S'
@@ -38,20 +37,6 @@ parameter the script will likely fail with:
 .PP
 See the full documentation for more details.
 .PP
-.SS "\-\-default-signal[=SIG]" usage
-This option allows setting a signal handler to its default
-action, which is not possible using the traditional shell
-trap command.  The following example ensures that seq
-will be terminated by SIGPIPE no matter how this signal
-is being handled in the process invoking the command.
-
-.PP
-.RS
-.nf
-sh \-c 'env \-\-default-signal=PIPE seq inf | head \-n1'
-.fi
-.RE
-.PP
 
 [NOTES]
 POSIX's exec(3p) pages says:

man/help2man

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 # Generate a short man page from --help and --version output.
 # Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009,
-# 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021 Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc.
+# 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2025
+# Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use Text::Tabs qw(expand);
 use POSIX qw(strftime setlocale LC_ALL);
 
 my $this_program = 'help2man';
-my $this_version = '1.48.5';
+my $this_version = '1.50.1';
 
 sub _ { $_[0] }
 sub configure_locale
@@ -49,13 +49,14 @@ sub program_basename;
 sub get_option_value;
 sub convert_option;
 sub fix_italic_spacing;
+sub set_indent;
 
 my $version_info = enc_user sprintf _(<<'EOT'), $this_program, $this_version;
 GNU %s %s
 
 Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009,
-2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
+2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2025 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ Usage: %s [OPTION]... EXECUTABLE
  -p, --info-page=TEXT    name of Texinfo manual
  -N, --no-info           suppress pointer to Texinfo manual
  -l, --libtool           exclude the `lt-' from the program name
+     --loose-indent      relax matching of indented continuation lines
  -b, --bold-refs         apply bold style to references
      --help              print this help, then exit
      --version           print version number, then exit
@@ -87,8 +89,8 @@ stdout although alternatives may be specified using:
 
  -h, --help-option=STRING     help option string
  -v, --version-option=STRING  version option string
- --version-string=STRING      version string
- --no-discard-stderr          include stderr when parsing option output
+     --version-string=STRING  version string
+     --no-discard-stderr      include stderr when parsing option output
 
 Report bugs to <bug-help2man@gnu.org>.
 EOT
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ my $manual = '';
 my $source = '';
 my $help_option = '--help';
 my $version_option = '--version';
+my $loose_indent = 0;
 my $discard_stderr = 1;
 my ($opt_name, @opt_include, $opt_output, $opt_info, $opt_no_info, $opt_libtool,
     $opt_bold_refs, $version_text);
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@ my %opt_def = (
     'p|info-page=s'	 => \$opt_info,
     'N|no-info'		 => \$opt_no_info,
     'l|libtool'		 => \$opt_libtool,
+    'loose-indent!'	 => \$loose_indent,
     'b|bold-refs'	 => \$opt_bold_refs,
     'help'		 => sub { print $help_info; exit },
     'version'		 => sub { print $version_info; exit },
@@ -180,13 +184,13 @@ while (@opt_include)
 	    $key =~ s/^\s+//;
 	    $key =~ s/\s+$//;
 	    $hash = \%include;
-	    # Handle explicit [<section], [=section] and [>section]
+	    # Handle explicit [<section], [=section] and [>section].
 	    if ($key =~ s/^([<>=])\s*//)
 	    {
 		if    ($1 eq '>') { $hash = \%append; }
 		elsif ($1 eq '=') { $hash = \%replace; }
 	    }
-	    # NAME/SYNOPSIS replace by default
+	    # NAME/SYNOPSIS replace by default.
 	    elsif ($key eq _('NAME') or $key eq _('SYNOPSIS'))
 	    {
 		$hash = \%replace;
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ while (@opt_include)
 	# revision info.
 	unless ($key)
 	{
-	    # handle options
+	    # Handle options.
 	    if (/^-/)
 	    {
 		local @ARGV = shellwords $_;
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ if (exists $ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and $ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} =~ /^(\d+)$/)
 # the English version expands to the month as a word and the full year.  It
 # is used on the footer of the generated manual pages.  If in doubt, you may
 # just use %x as the value (which should be the full locale-specific date).
-my $date = enc strftime _("%B %Y"), localtime $epoch_secs;
+my $date = strftime _("%B %Y"), localtime $epoch_secs;
 my $program = program_basename $ARGV[0];
 my $package = $program;
 my $version;
@@ -342,15 +346,15 @@ for ($replace{_('NAME')} || ($include{_('NAME')} ||= ''))
 # Man pages traditionally have the page title in caps.
 my $PROGRAM = uc $program;
 
-# Set default page head/footers
+# Set default page head/footers.
 $source ||= "$package $version";
 unless ($manual)
 {
     for ($section)
     {
-	if (/^(1[Mm]|8)/) { $manual = enc _('System Administration Utilities') }
-	elsif (/^6/)	  { $manual = enc _('Games') }
-	else		  { $manual = enc _('User Commands') }
+	if (/^(1[Mm]|8)/) { $manual = _('System Administration Utilities') }
+	elsif (/^6/)	  { $manual = _('Games') }
+	else		  { $manual = _('User Commands') }
     }
 }
 
@@ -442,6 +446,7 @@ s/([^\n])\n($PAT_BUGS|$PAT_AUTHOR|$PAT_SEE_ALSO) /$1\n\n$2 /og;
 # character.
 s/^Copyright +(?:\xa9|\([Cc]\))/Copyright \\(co/mg;
 
+my $require_mono = 0;
 while (length)
 {
     # Convert some standard paragraph names.
@@ -500,15 +505,16 @@ while (length)
     }
 
     # Examples, indicated by an indented leading $, % or > are
-    # rendered in a constant width font.
+    # rendered in a monospace font when using groff in troff mode.
     if (/^( +)([\$\%>] )\S/)
     {
-	my $indent = $1;
+	my $spaces = $1;
 	my $prefix = $2;
 	my $break = '.IP';
-	while (s/^$indent\Q$prefix\E(\S.*)\n*//)
+	while (s/^$spaces\Q$prefix\E(\S.*)\n*//)
 	{
-	    $include{$sect} .= "$break\n\\f(CW$prefix$1\\fR\n";
+	    $include{$sect} .= "$break\n\\*[mono]$prefix$1\\*[/mono]\n";
+	    $require_mono++;
 	    $break = '.br';
 	}
 
@@ -531,12 +537,12 @@ while (length)
     if (s/^( {1,10}([+-]\S.*?))(?:(  +(?!-))|\n( {20,}))(\S.*)\n//)
     {
 	$matched .= $& if %append_match;
-	$indent = length ($4 || "$1$3");
+	$indent = set_indent length ($4 || "$1$3");
 	$content = ".TP\n\x84$2\n\x84$5\n";
 	unless ($4)
 	{
 	    # Indent may be different on second line.
-	    $indent = length $& if /^ {20,}/;
+	    $indent = set_indent length $& if /^ {20,}/;
 	}
     }
 
@@ -545,14 +551,14 @@ while (length)
     {
 	$matched .= $& if %append_match;
 	$content = ".HP\n\x84$1\n";
-	$indent = 80; # not continued
+	$indent = 80;  # not continued
     }
 
     # Indented paragraph with tag.
     elsif (s/^( +(\S.*?)  +)(\S.*)\n//)
     {
 	$matched .= $& if %append_match;
-	$indent = length $1;
+	$indent = set_indent length $1;
 	$content = ".TP\n\x84$2\n\x84$3\n";
     }
 
@@ -560,7 +566,7 @@ while (length)
     elsif (s/^( +)(\S.*)\n//)
     {
 	$matched .= $& if %append_match;
-	$indent = length $1;
+	$indent = set_indent length $1;
 	$content = ".IP\n\x84$2\n";
     }
 
@@ -681,7 +687,8 @@ EOT
 # Append additional text.
 while (my ($sect, $text) = each %append)
 {
-    $include{$sect} .= $append{$sect};
+    $require_mono++ if $text =~ /\\\*\[mono\]/;
+    $include{$sect} .= $text;
 }
 
 # Replace sections.
@@ -691,11 +698,20 @@ while (my ($sect, $text) = each %replace)
 }
 
 # Output header.
-print <<EOT;
+print enc <<EOT;
 .\\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by $this_program $this_version.
 .TH $PROGRAM "$section" "$date" "$source" "$manual"
 EOT
 
+# If monospace was used emit macros for groff.
+print enc <<'EOT' if $require_mono;
+.\" Define monospaced roman font for groff in troff mode.
+.if t .if \n(.g \{\
+. ds mono \f(CR
+. ds /mono \fP
+.\}
+EOT
+
 # Section ordering.
 my @pre = (_('NAME'), _('SYNOPSIS'), _('DESCRIPTION'), _('OPTIONS'),
     _('EXAMPLES'));
@@ -730,8 +746,8 @@ for my $sect (@pre, (grep !$filter{$_}, @sections), @post)
 	    s/\x82/\\e/g;
 	    s/\x83/\\-/g;
 
-	    # Convert some latin1 chars to troff equivalents
-	    s/\xa0/\\ /g; # non-breaking space
+	    # Convert some latin1 chars to troff equivalents.
+	    s/\xa0/\\ /g;  # non-breaking space
 
 	    print enc $_;
 	}
@@ -800,3 +816,15 @@ sub fix_italic_spacing
     s!\\fI(.*?)\\f([BRP])!\\fI\\,$1\\/\\f$2!g;
     return $_;
 }
+
+# Return indent to use: either the value passed in, or $v,$v+4 if
+# loose index matching is used.  The resulting string is used in a
+# regex as " {$indent}", so will match either the exact number of
+# spaces passed in, or up to four more.  See the --loose-indent
+# option.
+sub set_indent
+{
+    my $i = $_[0];
+    $i .= ',' . ($_[0] + 4) if $loose_indent;
+    return $i;
+}

man/local.mk

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Make coreutils man pages.				-*-Makefile-*-
 # This is included by the top-level Makefile.am.
 
-# Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ if HAVE_PERL
 if BOLD_MAN_REFS
 help2man_OPTS=--bold-refs
 endif
-run_help2man = $(PERL) -- $(srcdir)/man/help2man $(help2man_OPTS)
+run_help2man = $(PERL) -- $(srcdir)/man/help2man --loose-indent $(help2man_OPTS)
 else
 run_help2man = $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/man/dummy-man
 endif
@@ -194,7 +194,8 @@ endif
 	  && $(MKDIR_P) $$t						\
 	  && (cd $$t && $(LN_S) '$(abs_top_builddir)/src/'$$prog$(EXEEXT) \
 				$$argv$(EXEEXT))			\
-	&& : $${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=`cat $(srcdir)/.timestamp 2>/dev/null || :`} \
+	&& : $${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=`date -r $(srcdir)/.tarball-version +%s \
+				   2>/dev/null || :`} \
 	&& : $${TZ=UTC0} && export TZ					\
 	&& export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH && $(run_help2man)			\
 		     --source='$(PACKAGE_STRING)'			\

man/rm.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/stdbuf.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 2009-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

man/test.x

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 '\"
 '\" This is free software.  You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
 '\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

po/POTFILES.in

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # List of files which contain translatable strings.
-# Copyright (C) 1996-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1996-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 # These are nominally temporary...
 lib/argmatch.c
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ lib/siglist.h
 lib/strsignal.c
 lib/unicodeio.c
 lib/userspec.c
-lib/verror.c
 lib/version-etc.c
 lib/xalloc-die.c
 lib/xbinary-io.c
@@ -110,6 +109,7 @@ src/rmdir.c
 src/runcon.c
 src/seq.c
 src/set-fields.c
+src/show-date.c
 src/shred.c
 src/shuf.c
 src/sleep.c

scripts/build-older-versions/README.older-versions

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ By adding the directory to your $PATH, older versions can be easily used:
 
 ========================================================================
 
-Copyright (C) 2019-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2019-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or

scripts/build-older-versions/build-older-versions.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2019-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 #
 # Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
 # are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright

src/basename.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* basename -- strip directory and suffix from file names
-   Copyright (C) 1990-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1990-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

src/basenc.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Base64, base32, and similar encoding/decoding strings or files.
-   Copyright (C) 2004-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2004-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -325,10 +325,8 @@ static void
 prepare_inbuf (struct base_decode_context *ctx, idx_t inlen)
 {
   if (ctx->bufsize < inlen)
-    {
-      ctx->bufsize = inlen * 2;
-      ctx->inbuf = xnrealloc (ctx->inbuf, ctx->bufsize, sizeof (char));
-    }
+    ctx->inbuf = xpalloc (ctx->inbuf, &ctx->bufsize,
+                          inlen - ctx->bufsize, -1, sizeof *ctx->inbuf);
 }
 
 
@@ -628,7 +626,7 @@ static void
 base16_encode (char const *restrict in, idx_t inlen,
                char *restrict out, idx_t outlen)
 {
-  static const char base16[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+  static const char base16[16] _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONSTRING = "0123456789ABCDEF";
 
   while (inlen && outlen)
     {
@@ -713,7 +711,7 @@ isuz85 (unsigned char ch)
   return c_isalnum (ch) || strchr (".-:+=^!/*?&<>()[]{}@%$#", ch) != nullptr;
 }
 
-static char const z85_encoding[85] =
+static char const z85_encoding[85] _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONSTRING =
   "0123456789"
   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
   "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
@@ -1138,7 +1136,7 @@ do_decode (FILE *in, char const *infile, FILE *out, bool ignore_garbage)
   idx_t sum;
   struct base_decode_context ctx;
 
-  char padbuf[8] = "========";
+  char padbuf[8] _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONSTRING = "========";
   inbuf = xmalloc (BASE_LENGTH (DEC_BLOCKSIZE));
   outbuf = xmalloc (DEC_BLOCKSIZE);
 

src/cat.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* cat -- concatenate files and print on the standard output.
-   Copyright (C) 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ simple_cat (char *buf, idx_t bufsize)
     {
       /* Read a block of input.  */
 
-      size_t n_read = safe_read (input_desc, buf, bufsize);
-      if (n_read == SAFE_READ_ERROR)
+      ptrdiff_t n_read = safe_read (input_desc, buf, bufsize);
+      if (n_read < 0)
         {
           error (0, errno, "%s", quotef (infile));
           return false;
@@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ cat (char *inbuf, idx_t insize, char *outbuf, idx_t outsize,
 
               /* Read more input into INBUF.  */
 
-              size_t n_read = safe_read (input_desc, inbuf, insize);
-              if (n_read == SAFE_READ_ERROR)
+              ptrdiff_t n_read = safe_read (input_desc, inbuf, insize);
+              if (n_read < 0)
                 {
                   error (0, errno, "%s", quotef (infile));
                   write_pending (outbuf, &bpout);
@@ -645,9 +645,16 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
   /* Optimal size of i/o operations of output.  */
   idx_t outsize = io_blksize (&stat_buf);
 
-  /* Device and I-node number of the output.  */
-  dev_t out_dev = stat_buf.st_dev;
-  ino_t out_ino = stat_buf.st_ino;
+  /* Device, I-node number and lazily-acquired flags of the output.  */
+  dev_t out_dev;
+  ino_t out_ino;
+  int out_flags = -2;
+  bool have_out_dev = ! (S_TYPEISSHM (&stat_buf) || S_TYPEISTMO (&stat_buf));
+  if (have_out_dev)
+    {
+      out_dev = stat_buf.st_dev;
+      out_ino = stat_buf.st_ino;
+   }
 
   /* True if the output is a regular file.  */
   bool out_isreg = S_ISREG (stat_buf.st_mode) != 0;
@@ -701,17 +708,30 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
 
       fdadvise (input_desc, 0, 0, FADVISE_SEQUENTIAL);
 
-      /* Don't copy a nonempty regular file to itself, as that would
-         merely exhaust the output device.  It's better to catch this
-         error earlier rather than later.  */
+      /* Don't copy a file to itself if that would merely exhaust the
+         output device.  It's better to catch this error earlier
+         rather than later.  */
 
-      if (out_isreg
-          && stat_buf.st_dev == out_dev && stat_buf.st_ino == out_ino
-          && lseek (input_desc, 0, SEEK_CUR) < stat_buf.st_size)
+      if (! (S_ISFIFO (stat_buf.st_mode) || S_ISSOCK (stat_buf.st_mode)
+             || S_TYPEISSHM (&stat_buf) || S_TYPEISTMO (&stat_buf))
+          && have_out_dev
+          && stat_buf.st_dev == out_dev && stat_buf.st_ino == out_ino)
         {
-          error (0, 0, _("%s: input file is output file"), quotef (infile));
-          ok = false;
-          goto contin;
+          off_t in_pos = lseek (input_desc, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+          if (0 <= in_pos)
+            {
+              if (out_flags < -1)
+                out_flags = fcntl (STDOUT_FILENO, F_GETFL);
+              int whence = (0 <= out_flags && out_flags & O_APPEND
+                            ? SEEK_END : SEEK_CUR);
+              if (in_pos < lseek (STDOUT_FILENO, 0, whence))
+                {
+                  error (0, 0, _("%s: input file is output file"),
+                         quotef (infile));
+                  ok = false;
+                  goto contin;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
       /* Pointer to the input buffer.  */

src/chcon.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* chcon -- change security context of files
-   Copyright (C) 2005-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

src/chmod.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* chmod -- change permission modes of files
-   Copyright (C) 1989-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1989-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ describe_change (char const *file, struct change_status const *ch)
       printf (_("%s could not be accessed\n"), quoted_file);
       return;
 
-    default:
+    case CH_FAILED: case CH_NO_CHANGE_REQUESTED: case CH_SUCCEEDED:
       break;
   }
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ describe_change (char const *file, struct change_status const *ch)
       fmt = _("mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)\n");
       printf (fmt, quoted_file, m, &perms[1]);
       return;
-    default:
+    case CH_NO_STAT: case CH_NOT_APPLIED: default:
       affirm (false);
     }
   printf (fmt, quoted_file, old_m, &old_perms[1], m, &perms[1]);

src/chown-core.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* chown-core.c -- core functions for changing ownership.
-   Copyright (C) 2000-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2000-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ describe_change (char const *file, enum Change_status changed,
              : group ? _("group of %s retained as %s\n")
              : _("ownership of %s retained\n"));
       break;
+    case CH_NOT_APPLIED:
     default:
       affirm (false);
     }

src/chown-core.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* chown-core.h -- types and prototypes shared by chown and chgrp.
 
-   Copyright (C) 2000-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2000-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

src/chown.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* chown, chgrp -- change user and group ownership of files
-   Copyright (C) 1989-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1989-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.\n\
       --preserve-root    fail to operate recursively on '/'\n\
 "), stdout);
       fputs (_("\
-      --reference=RFILE  use RFILE's ownership rather than specifying values\n\
+      --reference=RFILE  use RFILE's ownership rather than specifying values.\n\
                          RFILE is always dereferenced if a symbolic link.\n\
 "), stdout);
       fputs (_("\

src/chroot.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* chroot -- run command or shell with special root directory
-   Copyright (C) 1995-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1995-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ setgroups (size_t size, MAYBE_UNUSED gid_t const *list)
 
 static int
 parse_additional_groups (char const *groups, GETGROUPS_T **pgids,
-                         size_t *pn_gids, bool show_errors)
+                         idx_t *pn_gids, bool show_errors)
 {
   GETGROUPS_T *gids = nullptr;
-  size_t n_gids_allocated = 0;
-  size_t n_gids = 0;
+  idx_t n_gids_allocated = 0;
+  idx_t n_gids = 0;
   char *buffer = xstrdup (groups);
   char const *tmp;
   int ret = 0;
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ parse_additional_groups (char const *groups, GETGROUPS_T **pgids,
         }
 
       if (n_gids == n_gids_allocated)
-        gids = X2NREALLOC (gids, &n_gids_allocated);
+        gids = xpalloc (gids, &n_gids_allocated, 1, -1, sizeof *gids);
       gids[n_gids++] = value;
     }
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
   uid_t uid = -1;
   gid_t gid = -1;
   GETGROUPS_T *out_gids = nullptr;
-  size_t n_gids = 0;
+  idx_t n_gids = 0;
 
   initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
   set_program_name (argv[0]);
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
             /* Treat 'user:' just like 'user'
                as we lookup the primary group by default
                (and support doing so for UIDs as well as names.  */
-            size_t userlen = strlen (userspec);
+            idx_t userlen = strlen (userspec);
             if (userlen && userspec[userlen - 1] == ':')
               userspec[userlen - 1] = '\0';
             break;
@@ -375,7 +375,8 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
       else if (gid_unset (gid))
         {
           error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno,
-                 _("no group specified for unknown uid: %d"), (int) uid);
+                 _("no group specified for unknown uid: %ju"),
+                 (uintmax_t) uid);
         }
     }
 

src/cksum.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* cksum -- calculate and print POSIX checksums and sizes of files
-   Copyright (C) 1992-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1992-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
   do something like the following:
 
       cc -I../lib -DCRCTAB -o crctab cksum.c
-      crctab > crctab.c
+      ./crctab > crctab.c
 
   This software is compatible with neither the System V nor the BSD
   'sum' program.  It is supposed to conform to POSIX, except perhaps
@@ -34,21 +34,11 @@
 
 #include <config.h>
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "system.h"
-
-#include <byteswap.h>
-#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-# define SWAP(n) (n)
-#else
-# define SWAP(n) bswap_32 (n)
-#endif
-
 #ifdef CRCTAB
 
-# define BIT(x)	((uint_fast32_t) 1 << (x))
+# include <stdio.h>
+
+# define BIT(x)	(1u << (x))
 # define SBIT	BIT (31)
 
 /* The generating polynomial is
@@ -62,7 +52,7 @@
                  | BIT (11) | BIT (10) | BIT (8) | BIT (7) | BIT (5) \
                  | BIT (4) | BIT (2) | BIT (1) | BIT (0))
 
-static uint_fast32_t r[8];
+static unsigned int r[8];
 
 static void
 fill_r (void)
@@ -72,10 +62,10 @@ fill_r (void)
     r[i] = (r[i - 1] << 1) ^ ((r[i - 1] & SBIT) ? GEN : 0);
 }
 
-static uint_fast32_t
+static unsigned int
 crc_remainder (int m)
 {
-  uint_fast32_t rem = 0;
+  unsigned int rem = 0;
 
   for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
     if (BIT (i) & m)
@@ -87,15 +77,12 @@ crc_remainder (int m)
 int
 main (void)
 {
-  int i;
-  static uint_fast32_t crctab[8][256];
+  static unsigned int crctab[8][256];
 
   fill_r ();
 
-  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-    {
-      crctab[0][i] = crc_remainder (i);
-    }
+  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    crctab[0][i] = crc_remainder (i);
 
   /* CRC(0x11 0x22 0x33 0x44)
      is equal to
@@ -104,25 +91,26 @@ main (void)
      We precompute the CRC values for the offset values into
      separate CRC tables. We can then use them to speed up
      CRC calculation by processing multiple bytes at the time. */
-  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
     {
-      uint32_t crc = 0;
+      unsigned int crc = 0;
 
-      crc = (crc << 8) ^ crctab[0][((crc >> 24) ^ (i & 0xFF)) & 0xFF];
-      for (idx_t offset = 1; offset < 8; offset++)
+      crc = (crc << 8) ^ crctab[0][((crc >> 24) ^ i) & 0xFF];
+      for (int offset = 1; offset < 8; offset++)
         {
-          crc = (crc << 8) ^ crctab[0][((crc >> 24) ^ 0x00) & 0xFF];
-          crctab[offset][i] = crc;
+          crc = (crc << 8) ^ crctab[0][((crc >> 24) ^ 0) & 0xFF];
+          crctab[offset][i] = crc & 0xFFFFFFFF;
         }
     }
 
   printf ("#include <config.h>\n");
-  printf ("#include <stdint.h>\n");
-  printf ("\nuint_fast32_t const crctab[8][256] = {\n");
+  printf ("#include \"cksum.h\"\n");
+  printf ("\n");
+  printf ("uint_fast32_t const crctab[8][256] = {\n");
   for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++)
     {
       printf ("{\n  0x%08x", crctab[y][0]);
-      for (i = 0; i < 51; i++)
+      for (int i = 0; i < 51; i++)
         {
           printf (",\n  0x%08x, 0x%08x, 0x%08x, 0x%08x, 0x%08x",
                   crctab[y][i * 5 + 1], crctab[y][i * 5 + 2],
@@ -132,32 +120,105 @@ main (void)
         printf ("\n},\n");
     }
   printf ("};\n");
-  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 #else /* !CRCTAB */
 
 # include "cksum.h"
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <endian.h>
+# include "system.h"
+
+# ifdef USE_VMULL_CRC32
+#  include <sys/auxv.h>
+#  include <asm/hwcap.h>
+# endif
+
+# include "crc.h"
 
 /* Number of bytes to read at once.  */
 # define BUFLEN (1 << 16)
 
-# if USE_PCLMUL_CRC32
-static bool
+typedef bool (*cksum_fp_t) (FILE *, uint_fast32_t *, uintmax_t *);
+
+static cksum_fp_t
 pclmul_supported (void)
 {
+# if USE_PCLMUL_CRC32 || GL_CRC_X86_64_PCLMUL
   bool pclmul_enabled = (0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("pclmul")
                          && 0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx"));
-
   if (cksum_debug)
     error (0, 0, "%s",
            (pclmul_enabled
             ? _("using pclmul hardware support")
             : _("pclmul support not detected")));
+  if (pclmul_enabled)
+    return cksum_pclmul;
+# endif
 
-  return pclmul_enabled;
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static cksum_fp_t
+avx2_supported (void)
+{
+  /* AVX512 processors will not set vpclmulqdq unless they support
+     the avx512 version, but it implies that the avx2 version
+     is supported  */
+# if USE_AVX2_CRC32
+  bool avx2_enabled = (0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("vpclmulqdq")
+                       && 0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx2"));
+  if (cksum_debug)
+    error (0, 0, "%s",
+           (avx2_enabled
+            ? _("using avx2 hardware support")
+            : _("avx2 support not detected")));
+  if (avx2_enabled)
+    return cksum_avx2;
+# endif
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static cksum_fp_t
+avx512_supported (void)
+{
+  /* vpclmulqdq for multiplication
+     mavx512f for most of the avx512 functions we're using
+     mavx512bw for byte swapping  */
+# if USE_AVX512_CRC32
+  bool avx512_enabled = (0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("vpclmulqdq")
+                         && 0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx512bw")
+                         && 0 < __builtin_cpu_supports ("avx512f"));
+  if (cksum_debug)
+    error (0, 0, "%s",
+           (avx512_enabled
+            ? _("using avx512 hardware support")
+            : _("avx512 support not detected")));
+  if (avx512_enabled)
+    return cksum_avx512;
+# endif
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static cksum_fp_t
+vmull_supported (void)
+{
+  /* vmull for multiplication  */
+# if USE_VMULL_CRC32
+  bool vmull_enabled = (getauxval (AT_HWCAP) & HWCAP_PMULL) > 0;
+  if (cksum_debug)
+    error (0, 0, "%s",
+           (vmull_enabled
+            ? _("using vmull hardware support")
+            : _("vmull support not detected")));
+  if (vmull_enabled)
+    return cksum_vmull;
+# endif
+
+  return nullptr;
 }
-# endif /* USE_PCLMUL_CRC32 */
 
 static bool
 cksum_slice8 (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out)
@@ -186,8 +247,8 @@ cksum_slice8 (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out)
       while (bytes_read >= 8)
         {
           uint32_t first = *datap++, second = *datap++;
-          crc ^= SWAP (first);
-          second = SWAP (second);
+          crc ^= htobe32 (first);
+          second = htobe32 (second);
           crc = (crctab[7][(crc >> 24) & 0xFF]
                  ^ crctab[6][(crc >> 16) & 0xFF]
                  ^ crctab[5][(crc >> 8) & 0xFF]
@@ -222,13 +283,17 @@ crc_sum_stream (FILE *stream, void *resstream, uintmax_t *length)
   uintmax_t total_bytes = 0;
   uint_fast32_t crc = 0;
 
-# if USE_PCLMUL_CRC32
-  static bool (*cksum_fp) (FILE *, uint_fast32_t *, uintmax_t *);
+  static cksum_fp_t cksum_fp;
   if (! cksum_fp)
-    cksum_fp = pclmul_supported () ? cksum_pclmul : cksum_slice8;
-# else
-  bool (*cksum_fp) (FILE *, uint_fast32_t *, uintmax_t *) = cksum_slice8;
-# endif
+    cksum_fp = avx512_supported ();
+  if (! cksum_fp)
+    cksum_fp = avx2_supported ();
+  if (! cksum_fp)
+    cksum_fp = pclmul_supported ();
+  if (! cksum_fp)
+    cksum_fp = vmull_supported ();
+  if (! cksum_fp)
+    cksum_fp = cksum_slice8;
 
   if (! cksum_fp (stream, &crc, &total_bytes))
     return -1;
@@ -245,6 +310,48 @@ crc_sum_stream (FILE *stream, void *resstream, uintmax_t *length)
   return 0;
 }
 
+/* Calculate the crc32b checksum and length in bytes of stream STREAM.
+   Return -1 on error, 0 on success.  */
+
+int
+crc32b_sum_stream (FILE *stream, void *resstream, uintmax_t *reslen)
+{
+  uint32_t buf[BUFLEN / sizeof (uint32_t)];
+  uint32_t crc = 0;
+  uintmax_t len = 0;
+  size_t bytes_read;
+
+  if (!stream || !resstream || !reslen)
+    return -1;
+
+# if GL_CRC_X86_64_PCLMUL
+  if (cksum_debug)
+    (void) pclmul_supported ();
+# endif
+
+  while ((bytes_read = fread (buf, 1, BUFLEN, stream)) > 0)
+    {
+      if (len + bytes_read < len)
+        {
+          errno = EOVERFLOW;
+          return -1;
+        }
+      len += bytes_read;
+
+      crc = crc32_update (crc, (char const *)buf, bytes_read);
+
+      if (feof (stream))
+        break;
+    }
+
+  unsigned int crc_out = crc;
+  memcpy (resstream, &crc_out, sizeof crc_out);
+
+  *reslen = len;
+
+  return ferror (stream) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
 /* Print the checksum and size to stdout.
    If ARGS is true, also print the FILE name.  */
 
@@ -255,13 +362,12 @@ output_crc (char const *file, int binary_file, void const *digest, bool raw,
   if (raw)
     {
       /* Output in network byte order (big endian).  */
-      uint32_t out_int = SWAP (*(uint32_t *)digest);
+      uint32_t out_int = htobe32 (*(uint32_t *)digest);
       fwrite (&out_int, 1, 32/8, stdout);
       return;
     }
 
-  char length_buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
-  printf ("%u %s", *(unsigned int *)digest, umaxtostr (length, length_buf));
+  printf ("%u %ju", *(unsigned int *)digest, length);
   if (args)
     printf (" %s", file);
   putchar (delim);

src/cksum.h

@@ -1,19 +1,50 @@
+/* Calculate checksums and sizes of files
+   Copyright 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
 #ifndef __CKSUM_H__
 # define __CKSUM_H__
 
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdio.h>
+
 extern bool cksum_debug;
 
 extern int
 crc_sum_stream (FILE *stream, void *resstream, uintmax_t *length);
 
+extern int
+crc32b_sum_stream (FILE *stream, void *resstream, uintmax_t *length);
+
 extern void
 output_crc (char const *file, int binary_file, void const *digest, bool raw,
             bool tagged, unsigned char delim, bool args, uintmax_t length)
   _GL_ATTRIBUTE_NONNULL ((3));
 
+extern bool
+cksum_vmull (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out);
+
 extern bool
 cksum_pclmul (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out);
 
+extern bool
+cksum_avx2 (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out);
+
+extern bool
+cksum_avx512 (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out);
+
 extern uint_fast32_t const crctab[8][256];
 
 #endif

src/cksum_avx2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/* cksum -- calculate and print POSIX checksums and sizes of files
+   Copyright (C) 2024-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "cksum.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <x86intrin.h>
+#include "system.h"
+
+/* Number of bytes to read at once.  */
+#define BUFLEN (1 << 16)
+
+bool
+cksum_avx2 (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out)
+{
+  __m256i buf[BUFLEN / sizeof (__m256i)];
+  uint_fast32_t crc = 0;
+  uintmax_t length = 0;
+  size_t bytes_read;
+  __m256i single_mult_constant;
+  __m256i four_mult_constant;
+  __m256i shuffle_constant;
+
+  if (!fp || !crc_out || !length_out)
+    return false;
+
+  /* These constants and general algorithms are taken from the Intel whitepaper
+     "Fast CRC Computation for Generic Polynomials Using PCLMULQDQ Instruction"
+  */
+  single_mult_constant = _mm256_set_epi64x (0x569700E5, 0x75BE46B7,
+                                            0x569700E5, 0x75BE46B7);
+  four_mult_constant = _mm256_set_epi64x (0x10BD4D7C, 0x567FDDEB,
+                                            0x10BD4D7C, 0x567FDDEB);
+
+  /* Constant to byteswap a full AVX2 register */
+  shuffle_constant = _mm256_set_epi8 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
+                                      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+                                      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
+                                      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
+  while ((bytes_read = fread (buf, 1, BUFLEN, fp)) > 0)
+    {
+      __m256i data;
+      __m256i data2;
+      __m256i data3;
+      __m256i data4;
+      __m256i data5;
+      __m256i data6;
+      __m256i data7;
+      __m256i data8;
+      __m256i fold_data;
+      __m256i xor_crc;
+
+      __m256i *datap;
+
+      if (length + bytes_read < length)
+        {
+          errno = EOVERFLOW;
+          return false;
+        }
+      length += bytes_read;
+
+      datap = (__m256i *)buf;
+
+      /* Fold in parallel 16x 16-byte blocks into 8x 16-byte blocks */
+      if (bytes_read >= 16 * 8 * 2)
+        {
+          data = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap);
+          data = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          /* XOR in initial CRC value (for us 0 so no effect), or CRC value
+             calculated for previous BUFLEN buffer from fread */
+          xor_crc = _mm256_set_epi32 (0, 0, 0, 0, crc, 0, 0, 0);
+          crc = 0;
+          data = _mm256_xor_si256 (data, xor_crc);
+          data3 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap + 1);
+          data3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data3, shuffle_constant);
+          data5 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap + 2);
+          data5 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data5, shuffle_constant);
+          data7 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap + 3);
+          data7 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data7, shuffle_constant);
+
+          while (bytes_read >= 16 * 8 * 2)
+            {
+              datap += 4;
+
+              /* Do multiplication here for 8x consecutive 16 byte blocks */
+              data2 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, four_mult_constant,
+                                               0x11);
+              data4 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data3, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data3 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data3, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x11);
+              data6 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data5, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data5 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data5, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x11);
+              data8 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data7, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data7 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data7, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x11);
+
+              /* Now multiplication results for the 8x blocks is xor:ed with
+                 next 8x 16 byte blocks from the buffer. This effectively
+                 "consumes" the first 8x blocks from the buffer.
+                 Keep xor result in variables for multiplication in next
+                 round of loop. */
+              data = _mm256_xor_si256 (data, data2);
+              data2 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap);
+              data2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data2, shuffle_constant);
+              data = _mm256_xor_si256 (data, data2);
+
+              data3 = _mm256_xor_si256 (data3, data4);
+              data4 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap + 1);
+              data4 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data4, shuffle_constant);
+              data3 = _mm256_xor_si256 (data3, data4);
+
+              data5 = _mm256_xor_si256 (data5, data6);
+              data6 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap + 2);
+              data6 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data6, shuffle_constant);
+              data5 = _mm256_xor_si256 (data5, data6);
+
+              data7 = _mm256_xor_si256 (data7, data8);
+              data8 = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap + 3);
+              data8 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data8, shuffle_constant);
+              data7 = _mm256_xor_si256 (data7, data8);
+
+              bytes_read -= (16 * 4 * 2);
+            }
+          /* At end of loop we write out results from variables back into
+             the buffer, for use in single fold loop */
+          data = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm256_storeu_si256 (datap, data);
+          data3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data3, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm256_storeu_si256 (datap + 1, data3);
+          data5 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data5, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm256_storeu_si256 (datap + 2, data5);
+          data7 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data7, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm256_storeu_si256 (datap + 3, data7);
+        }
+
+      /* Fold two 32-byte blocks into one 32-byte block */
+      if (bytes_read >= 64)
+        {
+          data = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap);
+          data = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          xor_crc = _mm256_set_epi32 (0, 0, 0, 0, crc, 0, 0, 0);
+          crc = 0;
+          data = _mm256_xor_si256 (data, xor_crc);
+          while (bytes_read >= 64)
+            {
+              datap++;
+
+              data2 = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, single_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data = _mm256_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, single_mult_constant,
+                                               0x11);
+              fold_data = _mm256_loadu_si256 (datap);
+              fold_data = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (fold_data, shuffle_constant);
+              data = _mm256_xor_si256 (data, data2);
+              data = _mm256_xor_si256 (data, fold_data);
+              bytes_read -= 32;
+            }
+          data = _mm256_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm256_storeu_si256 (datap, data);
+        }
+
+      /* And finish up last 0-63 bytes in a byte by byte fashion */
+      unsigned char *cp = (unsigned char *)datap;
+      while (bytes_read--)
+        crc = (crc << 8) ^ crctab[0][((crc >> 24) ^ *cp++) & 0xFF];
+      if (feof (fp))
+        break;
+    }
+
+  *crc_out = crc;
+  *length_out = length;
+
+  return !ferror (fp);
+}

src/cksum_avx512.c

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/* cksum -- calculate and print POSIX checksums and sizes of files
+   Copyright (C) 2024-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "cksum.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <x86intrin.h>
+#include "system.h"
+
+/* Number of bytes to read at once.  */
+#define BUFLEN (1 << 16)
+
+bool
+cksum_avx512 (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out)
+{
+  __m512i buf[BUFLEN / sizeof (__m512i)];
+  uint_fast32_t crc = 0;
+  uintmax_t length = 0;
+  size_t bytes_read;
+  __m512i single_mult_constant;
+  __m512i four_mult_constant;
+  __m512i shuffle_constant;
+
+  if (!fp || !crc_out || !length_out)
+    return false;
+
+  /* These constants and general algorithms are taken from the Intel whitepaper
+     "Fast CRC Computation for Generic Polynomials Using PCLMULQDQ Instruction"
+  */
+  single_mult_constant = _mm512_set_epi64 (0x8833794C, 0xE6228B11,
+                                           0x8833794C, 0xE6228B11,
+                                           0x8833794C, 0xE6228B11,
+                                           0x8833794C, 0xE6228B11);
+  four_mult_constant = _mm512_set_epi64 (0xCBCF3BCB, 0x88FE2237,
+                                         0xCBCF3BCB, 0x88FE2237,
+                                         0xCBCF3BCB, 0x88FE2237,
+                                         0xCBCF3BCB, 0x88FE2237);
+
+  /* Constant to byteswap a full AVX512 register */
+  shuffle_constant = _mm512_set_epi8 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
+                                      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+                                      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
+                                      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+                                      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
+                                      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+                                      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
+                                      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15);
+  while ((bytes_read = fread (buf, 1, BUFLEN, fp)) > 0)
+    {
+      __m512i data;
+      __m512i data2;
+      __m512i data3;
+      __m512i data4;
+      __m512i data5;
+      __m512i data6;
+      __m512i data7;
+      __m512i data8;
+      __m512i fold_data;
+      __m512i xor_crc;
+
+      __m512i *datap;
+
+      if (length + bytes_read < length)
+        {
+          errno = EOVERFLOW;
+          return false;
+        }
+      length += bytes_read;
+
+      datap = (__m512i *)buf;
+
+      /* Fold in parallel 32x 16-byte blocks into 16x 16-byte blocks */
+      if (bytes_read >= 16 * 8 * 4)
+        {
+          data = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap);
+          data = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          /* XOR in initial CRC value (for us 0 so no effect), or CRC value
+             calculated for previous BUFLEN buffer from fread */
+          xor_crc = _mm512_set_epi32 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                                      0, 0, 0, 0, crc, 0, 0, 0);
+          crc = 0;
+          data = _mm512_xor_si512 (data, xor_crc);
+          data3 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap + 1);
+          data3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data3, shuffle_constant);
+          data5 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap + 2);
+          data5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data5, shuffle_constant);
+          data7 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap + 3);
+          data7 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data7, shuffle_constant);
+
+          while (bytes_read >= 16 * 8 * 4)
+            {
+              datap += 4;
+
+              /* Do multiplication here for 16x consecutive 16 byte blocks */
+              data2 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, four_mult_constant,
+                                               0x11);
+              data4 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data3, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data3 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data3, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x11);
+              data6 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data5, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data5 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data5, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x11);
+              data8 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data7, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data7 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data7, four_mult_constant,
+                                                0x11);
+
+              /* Now multiplication results for the 16x blocks is xor:ed with
+                 next 16x 16 byte blocks from the buffer. This effectively
+                 "consumes" the first 16x blocks from the buffer.
+                 Keep xor result in variables for multiplication in next
+                 round of loop. */
+              data = _mm512_xor_si512 (data, data2);
+              data2 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap);
+              data2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data2, shuffle_constant);
+              data = _mm512_xor_si512 (data, data2);
+
+              data3 = _mm512_xor_si512 (data3, data4);
+              data4 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap + 1);
+              data4 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data4, shuffle_constant);
+              data3 = _mm512_xor_si512 (data3, data4);
+
+              data5 = _mm512_xor_si512 (data5, data6);
+              data6 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap + 2);
+              data6 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data6, shuffle_constant);
+              data5 = _mm512_xor_si512 (data5, data6);
+
+              data7 = _mm512_xor_si512 (data7, data8);
+              data8 = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap + 3);
+              data8 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data8, shuffle_constant);
+              data7 = _mm512_xor_si512 (data7, data8);
+
+              bytes_read -= (16 * 4 * 4);
+            }
+          /* At end of loop we write out results from variables back into
+             the buffer, for use in single fold loop */
+          data = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm512_storeu_si512 (datap, data);
+          data3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data3, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm512_storeu_si512 (datap + 1, data3);
+          data5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data5, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm512_storeu_si512 (datap + 2, data5);
+          data7 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data7, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm512_storeu_si512 (datap + 3, data7);
+        }
+
+      /* Fold two 64-byte blocks into one 64-byte block */
+      if (bytes_read >= 128)
+        {
+          data = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap);
+          data = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          xor_crc = _mm512_set_epi32 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                                      0, 0, 0, 0, crc, 0, 0, 0);
+          crc = 0;
+          data = _mm512_xor_si512 (data, xor_crc);
+          while (bytes_read >= 128)
+            {
+              datap++;
+
+              data2 = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, single_mult_constant,
+                                                0x00);
+              data = _mm512_clmulepi64_epi128 (data, single_mult_constant,
+                                               0x11);
+              fold_data = _mm512_loadu_si512 (datap);
+              fold_data = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (fold_data, shuffle_constant);
+              data = _mm512_xor_si512 (data, data2);
+              data = _mm512_xor_si512 (data, fold_data);
+              bytes_read -= 64;
+            }
+          data = _mm512_shuffle_epi8 (data, shuffle_constant);
+          _mm512_storeu_si512 (datap, data);
+        }
+
+      /* And finish up last 0-127 bytes in a byte by byte fashion */
+      unsigned char *cp = (unsigned char *)datap;
+      while (bytes_read--)
+        crc = (crc << 8) ^ crctab[0][((crc >> 24) ^ *cp++) & 0xFF];
+      if (feof (fp))
+        break;
+    }
+
+  *crc_out = crc;
+  *length_out = length;
+
+  return !ferror (fp);
+}

src/cksum_pclmul.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* cksum -- calculate and print POSIX checksums and sizes of files
-   Copyright (C) 1992-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2021-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -16,20 +16,16 @@
 
 #include <config.h>
 
+#include "cksum.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
 #include <x86intrin.h>
 #include "system.h"
 
 /* Number of bytes to read at once.  */
 #define BUFLEN (1 << 16)
 
-extern uint_fast32_t const crctab[8][256];
-
-extern bool
-cksum_pclmul (FILE *fp, uint_fast32_t *crc_out, uintmax_t *length_out);
-
 /* Calculate CRC32 using PCLMULQDQ CPU instruction found in x86/x64 CPUs */
 
 bool